{"ikmk_mds_id":"18200446","ikmk_id":"459","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Titus","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18200446","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18200446","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Dahmen, Karsten"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1100","nominal_de":"Sesterz","nominal_en":"Sesterz","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/sestertius","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4181084-3","info_de":"Von \u201esemistertius\u201c (dritthalb), also zun\u00e4chst im Wert von 2,5 Assen. \r\nBezeichnet zun\u00e4chst eine Silberm\u00fcnze [siehe dazu unter Sesterz (Silber)].\r\nIm Namen des M. Antonius erstmals als Kupferm\u00fcnze mit den Wertangaben HS und Delta (vier asses) gepr\u00e4gt. Seit der M\u00fcnzreform des Augustus 18 v. Chr. ein Bronzenominal im Wert von 4 Assen oder \u00bc Denar, gepr\u00e4gt wie der Dupondius in Messing ('Orichalcum'). Nach 260 n. Chr. wurde die Pr\u00e4gung eingestellt, selten sind Doppelsesterzen (das Kaiserbild der Vs. tr\u00e4gt hier zur Unterscheidung eine Strahlenkrone anstelle des meist \u00fcblichen Lorbeerkranzes) des Postumus und Traianus Decius, h\u00e4ufig auf \u00e4ltere (einfache) Sesterzen \u00fcberpr\u00e4gt.","info_en":"An Roman denomination with the value of 1\/4 denarius.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1100"},"patronage":"Anonymus","date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"25","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/25","country_name_de":"Italien","country_name_en":"Italy","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/italian_republic","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3175395","ikmk_region_id":"263","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/263","region_name":"Italia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/italy","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"678","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/678","mint_name":"Rom","mint_name_de":"Rom","mint_name_en":"Rome","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/rome","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3169070"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"2","material_name_de":"Bronze","material_name_en":"Bronze","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ae","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/2"},"diameter":"33 mm","die_axis":"6 h","weight":"24.49 g","accession":"1879 Sandes","access_year":"1879","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"IMP T CAES VESP AVG P M TR P PP COS VIII","image_description":"Titus nach l. auf einer Sella curulis inmitten eines Waffenhaufens sitzend h\u00e4lt in seiner r. Hand einen Zweig. Beiderseits S - C.","foto_date":"2005-06-11","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18200446\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18200446\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n0\/459\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18200446\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18200446\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643733396,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18200446. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18200446. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"","image_description":"Ansicht des (sogenannten) Kolosseums (eigentlich das Flavische Amphitheater) mit gef\u00fcllten Zuschauerr\u00e4ngen, l. die Meta Sudans genannte Brunnenanlage, r. eine zweist\u00f6ckige Architekturdarstellung (die Titusthermen).","foto_date":"2005-06-11","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18200446\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18200446\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n0\/459\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18200446\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18200446\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643733396,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18200446. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18200446. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"3","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"RIC II-1\u00b2 Nr. 184 (Rom, 80-81 n. Chr.); RIC II Nr. 110 (Beschreibung Meta Sudans r., Geb\u00e4ude l., aber Taf. 4, 60 wie hier); BMCRE II Nr. 190; Friedl\u00e4nder - von Sallet Nr. 1001 G; N. T. Elkins, The Flavian colosseum sestertii: Currency or largess?, Numismatic Chronicle 2006, 211 ff. 217 Typ C Nr. 6 Stempel A4\/P6 (stempelgleich); N. T. Elkins, What are they doing here? Flavian Colosseum sestertii from archaeological contexts in Hessen and the Taunus-Wetterau Limes (with an Addendum to NC 2006), Numismatic Chronicle 199 ff. Appendix A Nr. 6 Stempel A4\/P6 l. (dieses St\u00fcck). - Zur Innengliederung und Deutung der Rs.-Darstellung vgl. N. T. Elkins, Locating the Imperial box in the Flavian amphitheatre: the numismatic evidence, Numismatic Chronicle 2004, 147 ff.","comment":"\u201eSolange das Kolosseum steht, steht auch Rom. Wenn das Kolosseum f\u00e4llt, f\u00e4llt auch Rom. Wenn Rom f\u00e4llt, f\u00e4llt auch die Welt\u201c (Beda Venerabilis, 673-735 n. Chr.). - Das Flavische Amphitheater wurde mit 100 Tage dauernden Spielen im Jahre 80 n. Chr. eingeweiht. Es fa\u00dfte ca. 50.000 Zuschauer. Seinen Namen Kolosseum, der auf eine kolossale Statue des Nero, die dann zum Helios umgearbeitet wurde, zur\u00fcckgeht, tr\u00e4gt es erst seit dem Mittelalter. Das Theater war bis in das 5. Jh. n. Chr. regelm\u00e4\u00dfig in Benutzung.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","name_en":"Roman Imperiod period","description_de":"Die Zeit zwischen dem Ende des Hellenismus mit der Eroberung \u00c4gyptens durch Rom im Jahre 30 v. und dem Regierungsantritt des Diocletianus 284 n. Chr.","description_en":"The period between the end of Hellenism in 30 BC (conquest of Alexandria) and the accession of Diocletianus in AD 284.","concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/4"},"year_start":"80","year_end":"81","date_verbal":"80-81 n. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":10,"souce":"RIC II-1\u00b2 Titus","number":"0184","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"6997":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/ocre\/id\/ric.2_1(2).tit.184"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"6164":{"ikmk_person_id":"6164","title_de":"Captain","first_name_de":"Charles","last_name_de":"Sandes","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Charles","last_name_en":"Sandes","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/6164":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/6164"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"0"}}},"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"1453":{"ikmk_person_id":"1453","title_de":"","first_name_de":"","last_name_de":"Titus","vitalDates":"39-81 n. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Titus","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118622951":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118622951","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Titus":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Titus","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Titus":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Titus","https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/titus":"https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/titus","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/83217593":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/83217593","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140737":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140737","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1421":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1421","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1453":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1453"}}}},"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"Autorit\u00e4t","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/57","items":{"1453":{"ikmk_person_id":"1453","title_de":"","first_name_de":"","last_name_de":"Titus","vitalDates":"39-81 n. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Titus","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118622951":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118622951","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Titus":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Titus","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Titus":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Titus","https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/titus":"https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/titus","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/83217593":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/83217593","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140737":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140737","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1421":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1421","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1453":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1453"}}}},"125":{"ikmk_type_id":"125","type_name_de":"Ver\u00e4u\u00dferer (an Museum)","type_name_en":"Vendor (to Museum)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4126928-7","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/125","items":{"5562":{"ikmk_person_id":"5562","title_de":null,"first_name_de":"Jean-Henri","last_name_de":"Hoffmann","vitalDates":"1823-30.04.1897","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Jean-Henri","last_name_en":"Hoffmann","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/124663257":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/124663257","https:\/\/data.bnf.fr\/fr\/16584387\/henri_hoffmann":"https:\/\/data.bnf.fr\/fr\/16584387\/henri_hoffmann","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/32936340":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/32936340","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG92604":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG92604","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q55623797":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q55623797","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5562":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5562"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword_de":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"53","keyword_de":"Architektur","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4002851-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300263552"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"71","keyword_de":"Bronze \/ Kupfer","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4146667-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ae"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"42","keyword_de":"Ereignisse","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4160028-9","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300069084"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"22","keyword_de":"Italien","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4027833-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/1000080"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"31","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzstand: Antike Herrscher","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"7","keyword_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit, 1. Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"73","keyword_de":"Spitzenst\u00fccke und Hauptwerke","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4702225-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300072312"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"50","timeline_item":"Von Tiberius zu den Flaviern","description":"Nach dem Tod des Augustus diente das erste Jahrhundert n. Chr. der Etablierung des neuen Herrschaftssystems des Prinzipates. Diese Periode l\u00e4\u00dft sich in drei Abschnitte einteilen. Die Kaiser bis auf Nero (54-68 n. Chr.) f\u00fchrten sich auf die iulisch-claudische Familie zur\u00fcck. Nach der Ermordung des Nero folgte eine Phase der B\u00fcrgerkriege mit vier innerhalb des Jahres 68\/69 rasch wechselnden Kaisern. Aus den K\u00e4mpfen ging der General T. Flavius Vespasianus (69-79) siegreich hervor, der seine Herrschaft an seine S\u00f6hne Titus (79-81) und Domitianus (81-96) vererben konnte.","year_from":"14","year_until":"96","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}