{"ikmk_mds_id":"18202449","ikmk_id":"2515","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Augustus","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18202449","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18202449","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Dei\u00dfmann, Marie-Luise; Weisser, Bernhard"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"715","nominal_de":"Cistophor","nominal_en":"Cistophor","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/cistophorus","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4163972-8","info_de":"Als Cistophoren bezeichnet man eine Gruppe von Silberm\u00fcnzen im (Vergleich zur Tetradrachme reduzierten) Gewicht von 3 attischen Drachmen oder r\u00f6mischen Denaren zu etwa 12 g. Ihren Namen tragen sie nach dem Korb auf der Vorderseite, aus dem eine Schlange hervorkriecht (cista mystica). Sie wurden in Pergamon unter Eumenes II. f\u00fcr das pergamenische Reich als \u00fcberst\u00e4dtische W\u00e4hrung eingef\u00fchrt. 16 St\u00e4dte erhielten damals das Pr\u00e4gerecht f\u00fcr dieses Silbergeld. Kistophoren wurden \u00fcber das Ende des pergamenischen Reiches hinaus auch in der Provinz Asia durch die r\u00f6mischen Prokuratoren gepr\u00e4gt. Sp\u00e4ter sind auch M. Antonius, Augustus und andere r\u00f6mische Kaiser auf Cistophoren vertreten.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/715"},"patronage":"J\u00fcrgen Ritter","date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"75","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/75","country_name_de":"T\u00fcrkei","country_name_en":"Turkey","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/298795","ikmk_region_id":"381","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/381","region_name":"Asia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/asia","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"950","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/950","mint_name":"Pergamon","mint_name_de":"Pergamon","mint_name_en":"Pergamum","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/pergamum","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/321426"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"25 mm","die_axis":"12 h","weight":"12.13 g","accession":"1855\/17601","access_year":"1855","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"IMP CAESAR","image_description":"Kopf des Augustus nach r., davor ein Krummstab (lituus).","foto_date":"2009-07-07","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"3","photographer_name":"Dirk Sonnenwald","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202449\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202449\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2515\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202449\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202449\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737704,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202449. Aufnahme durch Dirk Sonnenwald.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202449. Photographs by Dirk Sonnenwald."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"AVGVSTVS","image_description":"Eine Sphinx sitzt nach r.","foto_date":"2009-07-07","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"3","photographer_name":"Dirk Sonnenwald","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202449\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202449\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2515\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202449\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202449\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737704,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202449. Aufnahme durch Dirk Sonnenwald.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202449. Photographs by Dirk Sonnenwald."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"6","subdivision_name_de":"Griechen, R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Greek, Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"M. Pinder, \u00dcber die Cistophoren und \u00fcber die kaiserlichen Silbermedaillons der r\u00f6mischen Provinz Asia (1856) 580 Nr. 9 Taf. 2,10 (dieses St\u00fcck); Friedl\u00e4nder - von Sallet Nr. 858 (dieses St\u00fcck); C. H. V. Sutherland, The Cistophori of Augustus (1970) 46 Nr. 78 Taf. 18 (dieses St\u00fcck); RIC I\u00b2 Nr. 487; RPC I Nr. 2207. - Zum Siegel des Augustus: H. U. Instinsky, Die Siegel des Kaisers Augustus. Ein Kapitel zur Geschichte und Symboli des antiken Herrschersiegels (1962) 23-30.","comment":"Die Darstellung der Sphinx erscheint h\u00e4ufig auf den M\u00fcnzen des r\u00f6mischen Ostens und galt als Hoffnungszeichen, das Augustus zu Beginn seiner Herrschaft auch als Siegel benutzte. Im Besitz seiner Mutter befanden sich zwei fast identische Ringe mit dem Abbild einer Sphinx, so dass, wenn der Herrscher sich nicht in Rom aufhielt, seine Berater Dokumente siegeln konnten (Plinius, nat. hist. 37,10).","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","name_en":"Roman Imperiod period","description_de":"Die Zeit zwischen dem Ende des Hellenismus mit der Eroberung \u00c4gyptens durch Rom im Jahre 30 v. und dem Regierungsantritt des Diocletianus 284 n. Chr.","description_en":"The period between the end of Hellenism in 30 BC (conquest of Alexandria) and the accession of Diocletianus in AD 284.","concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/4"},"year_start":"-27","year_end":"-26","date_verbal":"27-26 v. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":4,"souce":"RIC I\u00b2 Augustus","number":"487","similar":"0"},{"ikmk_referenz_id":95,"souce":"RPC I","number":"2207","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"5918":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/ocre\/id\/ric.1(2).aug.487","14895":"https:\/\/rpc.ashmus.ox.ac.uk\/coins\/1\/2207"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"6006":{"ikmk_person_id":"6006","title_de":"Major","first_name_de":"Heinrich von","last_name_de":"M\u00fchlbach","vitalDates":"17.10.1795 - 18.07.1848","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Heinrich von","last_name_en":"M\u00fchlbach","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q44909544":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q44909544","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/6006":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/6006"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"1848"}}},"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"413":{"ikmk_person_id":"413","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Gaius Iulius Caesar (Octavianus), seit 27 v. 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Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"14","timeline_item":"Augustus","description":"Als Gaius Iulius Caesar, der Octavianus genannte Adoptivsohn Caesars, 31 bzw. 30 v. Chr. erst bei Actium und anschlie\u00dfend in Alexandria aus den B\u00fcrgerkriegen der sp\u00e4ten Republik als Sieger hervorging und die alleinige Macht im R\u00f6mischen Reich errungen hatte, ordnete er das r\u00f6mische M\u00fcnzwesen neu. Goldm\u00fcnzen, zuvor nur in Krisensituationen verwendet, wurden zum festen Bestandteil der nunmehr trimetallischen W\u00e4hrung (Gold, Silber, Bronze). Das neue Herrschaftssystem erforderte neue Bilder, mit denen sich der Herrscher pr\u00e4sentierte. Einen weiteren Einschnitt bildete die Ernennung des Prinzeps zum \u201aAugustus\u2019, was \u201eder Erhabene\u201c bedeutet. Bis zu seinem Tod im Jahre 14 n. Chr. blieben ihm 41 Jahre, um das neue Herrschaftssystem zu etablieren. Gerade zu Beginn des neuen Herrschaftssystems, des Prinzipates, findet sich noch eine Vielzahl von ikonographischen Versuchen, die reizvolle und zum Teil schwer zu interpretierende Zeugnisse einer \u00dcbergangszeit sind.","year_from":"-30","year_until":"14","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}