{"ikmk_mds_id":"18202528","ikmk_id":"2596","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Valentinianus II.","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18202528","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18202528","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Dahmen, Karsten"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"327","nominal_de":"2 Solidi","nominal_en":"2 Solidi","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/2-solidus","nominal_gnd_id":null,"info_de":null,"info_en":null,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/327"},"patronage":"Anonymus","date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"19","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/19","country_name_de":"Deutschland","country_name_en":"Germany","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bundesrepublik_deutschland","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2921044","ikmk_region_id":"67","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/67","region_name":"Gallia","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"270","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/270","mint_name":"Trier","mint_name_de":"Trier","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/treveri","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3247911"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"3","material_name_de":"Gold","material_name_en":"Gold","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/av","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/3"},"diameter":"28 mm","die_axis":"6 h","weight":"8.89 g","accession":"1685 Pf\u00e4lzer Sammlung","access_year":"1685","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"4","access_type_name":"\u00dcberweisung","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300417644","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/4"},"provenienz_extern":"Mit der Pf\u00e4lzer Sammlung 1685 auf dem Erbschaftswege nach Berlin gelangt.","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"D N VALENTINIANVS IVN P F AVG","image_description":"Drapierte Panzerb\u00fcste des Valentinianus II. mit Diadem in der Brustansicht nach r.","foto_date":"2006-06-19","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202528\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202528\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2596\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202528\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202528\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737846,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202528. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202528. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"Treveris obryzum tertia = gel\u00e4utertes Gold der dritten Offizin in Trier","leg_text":"GLORIA - RO-MANORVM \/\/ TROBT","image_description":"Roma, l., und Constantinopolis, r., thronen nebeneinander. Roma mit Zepter, Constantinopolis mit Mauerkrone und Fu\u00df auf einem Schiffsvorderteil, beide zudem mit Victoria auf Globus.","foto_date":"2006-06-19","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202528\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202528\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2596\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202528\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202528\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737846,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202528. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202528. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"15","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Sp\u00e4tantike","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Late Antiquity"},"literatur":"Beger, Thes. Br. II 831 = Beger, Thes. Pal. 386; M. Pinder, K\u00f6nigliche Museen. Die antiken M\u00fcnzen (1851) 232 f. Nr. 1049 Taf. 3,7 (dieses St\u00fcck, Zeichnung); Friedl\u00e4nder - von Sallet Nr. 1117 (dieses St\u00fcck); H. Dressel, Die r\u00f6mischen Medaillone des M\u00fcnzkabinetts der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin (1973) 408 f. Nr. 276 Taf. 30 (dieses St\u00fcck); RIC IX Nr. 36 b (dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"Multiplum im Gewicht von zwei Solidi. - Zu dieser Zeit arbeiteten drei Offizine in Trier. Zum K\u00fcrzel OB\/Aurum obryzum\/solidus obriziacus, in Gebrauch seit Anfang 368 n. Chr., s. Ph. Grierson - M. Mays, Catalogue of Late Roman coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection (1992) 50. 53 f. - Valentinianus II., geb. 371 n. Chr., war ein Sohn des Valentinianus I. und der Iustina, damit j\u00fcngerer Halbbruder des Gratianus. Er wurde am 22.11.375 zum Kaiser ernannt, war aber aufgrund seines kindlichen Alters kaum in der Lage, eine eigenst\u00e4ndige Politik zu betreiben. 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Neue Goldminen werden erschlossen und h\u00f6here St\u00fcckzahlen gepr\u00e4gt. Vom Bronzegeld werden bald in schneller Folge verschiedene Sorten ausgegeben, denen es aber durchweg an dauerhaftem Geldwert mangelt. So wird das Bronzegeld abermals um 348 reformiert, auch Iulianus (genannt Apostata, reg. 361-363) versucht sich in der Einf\u00fchrung eines neuen, gro\u00dfen Bronzenominales. Zum Ende der 360er Jahre wird die regelhafte Kennzeichnung der Solidi als Feingold (OB = Obryzum) verpflichend. Ihre Entsprechung beim Silbergeld ist das K\u00fcrzel PS = pusulatum. Auch nimmt die Bedeutung der silbernen Siliquen immer mehr ab.  F\u00fcr die Bildsprache der M\u00fcnzen seit der Tetrarchie ist die Betonung der absoluten Stellung des Kaisers als Dominus (\u201eHerr\u201c) charakteristisch.","year_from":"293","year_until":"400","autor":"Dahmen, Karsten"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}