{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_mds_id":"18202563","ikmk_id":"2632","segment_id":"37","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Constantinus III.","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18202563","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18202563","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Dahmen, Karsten"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1112","nominal_de":"Solidus","nominal_en":"Solidus","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/solidus","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4813593-8","info_de":"Sp\u00e4tantike Goldm\u00fcnze (eigentlich aureus solidus, \u201evollkommene\u201c, \u201emassive\u201c Goldm\u00fcnze). Durch Constantinus I. 309 n. Chr. zun\u00e4chst in Trier eingef\u00fchrte Hauptm\u00fcnze der Sp\u00e4tantike und des byzantinischen Mittelalters (dort als chrysion Nomisma bezeichnet). Ab 324 n. Chr. das alleinige volle Goldnominal im R\u00f6mischen Reich. Bei gleich bleibender Feinheit im Gewicht von 1\/72 des Pfundes oder 4 scripulae gepr\u00e4gt (also ca. 4,55 g). Entsprach 24 Siliquen. Im 6. Jh. wurden sowohl schwere Solidi (zu 24 Siliquen) als auch leichte (zu 22 bzw. 21 Siliquen) ausgegeben. Vom Solidus wurden auch Mehrfachst\u00fccke (siehe Multipla) und Teilst\u00fccke (siehe Semis\/Semissis und Triens\/Tremissis) hergestellt. Die sprachliche Unterscheidung von Solidus und Aureus ist eine moderne. Auch die Goldst\u00fccke entsprechenden Gewichts des fr\u00fchen Mittelalters werden als Solidi bezeichnet. In Byzanz l\u00f6ste 1093 das Hyperpyron den Solidus nach \u00fcber 700 Jahren ab.\r\n\r\nLit.: F. von Schr\u00f6tter, W\u00f6rterbuch der M\u00fcnzkunde (1930) 642 f. s. v. Solidus.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1112"},"patronage":"Anonymus","date_last":"2026-10-08 05:53:15","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"299","coin_status_name_de":"R\u00f6misches Kaiserreich","coin_status_name_en":"Roman Empire","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/roman_empire","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/299"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"19","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/19","country_name_de":"Deutschland","country_name_en":"Germany","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bundesrepublik_deutschland","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2921044","ikmk_region_id":"67","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/67","region_name_de":"Gallia","region_name_en":"Gallia","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"270","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/270","mint_name":"Trier","mint_name_de":"Trier","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/treveri","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3247911"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"3","material_name_de":"Gold","material_name_en":"Gold","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/av","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/3"},"diameter":"21 mm","die_axis":"6 h","weight":"4.47 g","accession":"Alter Bestand (vor 1839)","access_year":"1764","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"findspot":{"ikmk_country_id":"19","country_ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/19","country_name_de":"Deutschland","country_name_en":"Germany","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bundesrepublik_deutschland","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2921044","ikmk_findspot_id":"288","findspot_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/288","findspot_name":"Xanten","findspot_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/xanten","findspot_geonames_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2805385"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"D N CONSTAN-TINVS P F AVG","image_description":"Drapierte Panzerb\u00fcste des Constantinus III. mit Diadem in der Brustansicht nach r.","foto_date":"2006-06-19","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202563\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202563\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2632\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202563\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202563\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737769,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202563. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202563. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"VICTORI-A AAVGGG \/\/ TROBS","image_description":"Der Kaiser steht in der Vorderansicht, den Kopf nach r. gewandt. Er h\u00e4lt in seiner r. Hand ein Feldzeichen und wird von einer in seiner l. Hand gehaltenen Victoria auf Globus bekr\u00e4nzt. Sein l. Fu\u00df ist auf einen r. liegenden Gefangenen gestellt.","foto_date":"2006-06-19","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202563\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202563\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2632\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202563\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202563\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737769,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202563. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202563. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"15","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Sp\u00e4tantike","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Late Antiquity"},"literatur":"M. Pinder, K\u00f6nigliche Museen. Die antiken M\u00fcnzen (1851) 237 Nr. 1060; RIC X Nr. 1514; G. Depeyrot, Les Monnaies d'or de Constantin II \u00e0 Z\u00e9non (1996) 125 Trier Nr. 57\/2. - Zum Fund von Xanten von 1764 (mit \u00e4lterer Lit.): J. Iluk, WN 31, 1987, 76-87; RIC X CXVI; P. Grierson - M. Mays, Catalogue of Late Roman coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection (1992) 295; M. Martin, Edelmetallhorte und -m\u00fcnzen des 5. Jahrhunderts in Nordgallien und beiderseits des Niederrheins als Zeugnisse der fr\u00fchfr\u00e4nkischen Geschichte, Xantener Berichte 15 (2010) 44 Nr. A 16; K. Dahmen - H. Kosanke, The 1764 Xanten Hoard of Roman Solidi. A Case of Severe Source Misinterpretation in: R. Cio\u0142ek - R. Chowaniec (Hrsg.), Aleksanderia. Studies on Items, Ideas and History dedicated to Professor Aleksander Bursche on the Occasion of his 65th Birthday (2021) 87-91.","comment":"Obwohl in Trier weiterhin nur eine Offizin Goldm\u00fcnzen pr\u00e4gte, wird hier mit dem K\u00fcrzel TROBS an \u00e4ltere Kennzeichnungen angekn\u00fcpft. - Constantinus III. wurde Anfang 407 n. Chr. in Britannien zum Kaiser ausgerufen und setzte dann nach Gallien \u00fcber. Er konnte zun\u00e4chst auch Spanien f\u00fcr sich gewinnen sowie eine kurzfristige Anerkennung durch Honorius. Als Spanien aber durch die Rebellion des Maximus wieder verloren ging, wurde er in Arles belagert. Obwohl Constantinus sich in eine Kirche fl\u00fcchtete und dort zum Priester weihen lie\u00df, wurden er und sein j\u00fcngerer Sohn Iulianus (der \u00e4ltere Sohn Constans war bereits tot) nach Italien gebracht und dort exekutiert. Am 18.9.411 erreichten ihre K\u00f6pfe den kaiserlichen Hof in Ravenna.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"10","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Sp\u00e4tantike","name_en":"Roman Late Antiquity","description_de":"Hier definiert als die Zeit vom Regierungsantritt des r\u00f6mischen Kaiser Diocletianus 284 n. Chr. bis zum Untergang des westr\u00f6mische Reiches 476 n. 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