{"ikmk_mds_id":"18202748","ikmk_id":"2816","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Karolinger: Karl der Gro\u00dfe","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18202748","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18202748","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Kluge, Bernd"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1304","nominal_de":"Denar (MA)","nominal_en":"Denarius (MA)","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/medieval_denarius","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4174023-3","info_de":"","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1304"},"patronage":"Anonymus","date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"34","coin_status_name_de":"Kaisertum (MA\/NZ)","coin_status_name_en":"Imperial issue (medieval\/modern)","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/empire","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/34"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"19","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/19","country_name_de":"Deutschland","country_name_en":"Germany","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bundesrepublik_deutschland","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2921044","ikmk_region_id":"91","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/91","region_name":"Rheinland","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"81","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/81","mint_name":"Aachen","mint_name_de":"Aachen","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/aachen","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3247449"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"20 mm","die_axis":"3 h","weight":"1.71 g","accession":"1911 Gariel-Ferrari","access_year":"1911","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"Karolus Imperator Augustus","leg_text":"KAROLVS IMP AVG","image_description":"B\u00fcste Karls des Gro\u00dfen mit Lorbeerkranz und Kaisermantel (paludamentum) nach rechts. Unter der B\u00fcste F.","foto_date":"2006-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202748\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202748\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2816\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202748\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202748\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737751,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202748. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202748. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"Christiana Religio","leg_text":"XPICTIANA RELIGIO","image_description":"Viers\u00e4ulige Kirche, im Frontjoch und auf dem Giebel je ein Kreuz.","foto_date":"2006-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202748\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202748\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2816\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202748\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202748\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737750,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202748. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202748. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"17","subdivision_name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"Early Middle Ages"},"literatur":"E. Gariel, Les monnaies royales de France sous la race carolingienne II (1884) 277 Nr. 55 Taf. 45 (als Karl der Kahle angesprochen); P. Grierson, Money and Coinage under Charlemagne, in: Karl der Gro\u00dfe I. Pers\u00f6nlichkeit und Geschichte. Katalog Aachen (1965) Taf. 2,28; K. F. Morrison - H. Grunthal, Carolingian Coinage (1967) Nr. 319; G. Depeyrot, Le numeraire carolingien (1998) Nr. 1168; J. Lafaurie, Les monnaies imp\u00e9riales de Charlemagne, in: Acad\u00e9mie des Inscriptions & Belles-Lettres. Comptes rendus des s\u00e9ances de l'ann\u00e9e 1978, Janvier-Mars (1978) Nr. 19; B. Kluge, Die Bildnispfennige Karls des Gro\u00dfen, in: Moneta Mediaevalis. Festschrift S. Suchodolski (2002) Nr. 11; B. Kluge, Numismatik des Mittelalters (2007) Nr. 215 (dieses St\u00fcck); B. Kluge, Am Beginn des Mittelalters. Die M\u00fcnzen des karolingischen Reiches 751-814. Das Kabinett 15 (2014) Nr. 247 (dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"Unicum. Sch\u00f6nste Bildnism\u00fcnze Karls des Gro\u00dfen und vielfach behandelt. Gepr\u00e4gt anl\u00e4\u00dflich der Kaiserkr\u00f6nung des Jahres 800 (Kluge 2002) oder ab 812 nach Anerkennung des Kaisertums Karls des Gro\u00dfen durch Byzanz (Lafaurie 1978). Das F unter der B\u00fcste ist als M\u00fcnzst\u00e4ttensignatur gedeutet worden: Florenz [P. E. Schramm, Die zeitgen\u00f6ssischen Bildnisse Karls des Gro\u00dfen (1928)] bzw. Frankfurt am Main [Grierson (1965) 501-536]. Beide Deutungen sind reine Hypothesen. Die M\u00fcnz\u00e4mter durch Buchstaben zu kennzeichnen, ist eine g\u00e4ngige Praxis der Neuzeit, f\u00fcr die es in karolingischer Zeit keine Anhaltpunkte gibt. Dennoch ist der Deutung von Grierson vielfach gefolgt worden, obwohl es sonst keinen Beleg f\u00fcr eine M\u00fcnzt\u00e4tigkeit in Frankfurt in karolingischer Zeit gibt. Morrison - Grunthal (1967) und Depeyrot (1998) ordnen die buchstabensignierten Bildnism\u00fcnzen unbestimmten M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tten zu.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"11","name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","name_en":"Early Middle ages","description_de":"Bezeichnung f\u00fcr die Epoche von ungef\u00e4hr 500 bis ca. 900 (teilweise auch um 1000).","description_en":"Term to describe the period between c. 500 and c. 900 (in some regions to c. 1000).","concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503821-3","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/11"},"year_start":"813","year_end":"814","date_verbal":"813-814 und sp\u00e4ter?","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":199,"souce":"NMA I","number":"0215","similar":"0"}],"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"5768":{"ikmk_person_id":"5768","title_de":null,"first_name_de":"Philipp la","last_name_de":"Renoti\u00e8re von Ferrary","vitalDates":"11.01.1850 - 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Der Goldsolidus wurde durch einen Silbersolidus zu 12 Denaren ersetzt und war lediglich eine Rechnungsm\u00fcnze. Realiter gepr\u00e4gt wurden allein silberne Denare (Pfennige), seit 793\/94 240 St\u00fcck aus dem Pfund Silber. Diese Denare wurden unter Karl dem Gro\u00dfen reichsweit im Bild einheitlich ausgegeben und in etwa 40 M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tten gepr\u00e4gt. Eine Besonderheit stellen sehr seltene Denare mit dem Bildnis Karls dar, die zur Kaiserkr\u00f6nung Karls im Jahre 800 aufgelegt worden und wohl auch noch sp\u00e4terhin als Auszeichnungsm\u00fcnzen ausgegeben worden sind. Sie sind die einzigen zeitgen\u00f6ssischen Bildzeugnisse des ersten Kaisers des christlichen Europa. Auf dem Geld des normalen Zahlungsverkehrs wurde bis zum Tode Karls des Gro\u00dfen der Titel des Rex Francorum beibehalten.","year_from":"768","year_until":"814","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}