{"ikmk_mds_id":"18202760","ikmk_id":"2828","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Karolinger: Ludwig der Fromme","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18202760","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18202760","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Kluge, Bernd"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1304","nominal_de":"Denar (MA)","nominal_en":"Denarius (MA)","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/medieval_denarius","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4174023-3","info_de":"","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1304"},"date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"34","coin_status_name_de":"Kaisertum (MA\/NZ)","coin_status_name_en":"Imperial issue (medieval\/modern)","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/empire","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/34"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"19","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/19","country_name_de":"Deutschland","country_name_en":"Germany","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bundesrepublik_deutschland","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2921044","ikmk_region_id":"91","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/91","region_name":"Rheinland","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"82","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/82","mint_name":"Aachen?","mint_name_de":"Aachen?","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/aachen","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3247449"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"18 mm","weight":"1.77 g","accession":"1911 Gariel-Ferrari","access_year":"1911","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"Hludovvicus Imperator Augustus","leg_text":"HLVDOVVICVS IMP AVG","image_description":"Brustbild Ludwig des Frommen mit Lorbeerkranz und Kaisermantel (paludamentum) nach rechts.","foto_date":"2004-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202760\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202760\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2828\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202760\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202760\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737867,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202760. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202760. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"Christiana Religio","leg_text":"XPISTIANA RELIGIO","image_description":"Viers\u00e4uliger Tempel mit Kreuz in der Mitte und auf dem Giebel.","foto_date":"2004-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202760\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202760\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2828\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202760\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202760\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737867,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202760. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202760. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"17","subdivision_name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"Early Middle Ages"},"literatur":"E. Gariel, Les monnaies royales de France sous le race carolingienne II (1884) 273 Nr. 2 Taf. 43; K. F. Morrison - H. Grunthal, Carolingian Coinage (1967) Nr. 469; G. Depeyrot, Le numeraire carolingien (1998) Nr. 1172; B. Kluge, Numismatik des Mittelalters (2007) Nr. 220 (dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"Der Portr\u00e4ttyp Ludwigs des Frommen wird in der neueren Literatur in den Zeitraum 814 bis ca. 819 datiert.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"11","name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","name_en":"Early Middle ages","description_de":"Bezeichnung f\u00fcr die Epoche von ungef\u00e4hr 500 bis ca. 900 (teilweise auch um 1000).","description_en":"Term to describe the period between c. 500 and c. 900 (in some regions to c. 1000).","concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503821-3","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/11"},"year_start":"814","year_end":"819","date_verbal":"814-819","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":199,"souce":"NMA I","number":"0220","similar":"0"}],"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"5792":{"ikmk_person_id":"5792","title_de":null,"first_name_de":"Ernest","last_name_de":"Gariel","vitalDates":"31.01.1826 - 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Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503821-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020760"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"32","keyword_de":"Kaiser (MA&NZ)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4114123-4","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"33","keyword_de":"K\u00f6nige (MA&NZ)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4031516-2","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"2","keyword_de":"Mittelalter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4129108-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"19","keyword_de":"Westeuropa (ohne D)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4079215-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/4003761"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"11","timeline_item":"Das Reich der Franken","description":"Als Gr\u00fcnder des Frankenreiches gilt der Merowinger Chlodwig (482-511). Unter ihm und seinen Nachfolgern wurden die die Reste der r\u00f6mischen Herrschaft in Gallien beseitigt und durch Eroberung der Reiche der gallischen Westgoten (509) und der Burgunder (534) ein fr\u00e4nkisches Reich geschaffen. 751 l\u00f6sten die Karolinger die Merowinger als herrschende Dynastie ab. Unter Karl dem Gro\u00dfen (768-814) erreichte das Frankenreich seine gr\u00f6\u00dfte Ausdehnung. Es umfasste das ganze damalige christliche Europa und zog sich von der Nordsee bis nach Rom, von der Atlantikk\u00fcste bis an die Elbe. Im Jahre 800 wurde Karl der Gro\u00dfe in Rom zum Kaiser gekr\u00f6nt und damit das seit 476 in Europa erloschene r\u00f6mische Kaisertum wiederbegr\u00fcndet. Ab 843 l\u00f6ste sich das karolingische Gro\u00dfreich in verschiedene Teilreiche auf, aus denen im Laufe des Mittelalters Frankreich, Deutschland, Italien, die Niederlande und die Schweiz entstanden. Im Frankenreich ist das auf dem silbernen Pfennig (Denar) als einzigem M\u00fcnzwert beruhende M\u00fcnzsystem des europ\u00e4ischen Fr\u00fch- und Hochmittelalters entwickelt und durch die M\u00fcnzreformen Karls des Gro\u00dfen auf eine \u00fcber vierhundert Jahre g\u00fcltige Grundlage gestellt worden.","year_from":"482","year_until":"843","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"120","timeline_item":"Ludwig der Fromme","description":"Von den drei M\u00fcnztypen Ludwigs des Frommen (814-840) ist der um 822\/25 geschaffene Christiana-Religio-Pfennig die karolingische Reichsm\u00fcnze schlechthin geworden. Historisch aufschlussreicher freilich sind die beiden anderen Denartypen mit Portr\u00e4t des Kaisers bzw. Stadtnamen. Auf diese Weise geben \u00fcber 120 Orte von Barcelona und Venedig bis Dorestad und Regensburg einen Eindruck von der Ausdehnung des karolingischen Reiches. Eine Novit\u00e4t Ludwigs stellen Obole (halben Pfennige) und vor allem goldene Solidi dar, mit denen die Ebenb\u00fcrtigkeit gegen\u00fcber Byzanz demonstriert werden sollte. Au\u00dferdem befriedigten sie ein Bed\u00fcrfnis nach hochwertigen Zahlungsmitteln im Fernhandel, wie z.B. die friesischen Nachahmungen der Solidi Ludwigs des Frommen zeigen.","year_from":"814","year_until":"840","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}