{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_mds_id":"18202906","ikmk_id":"2972","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Karolinger: Ludwig der Fromme","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"17","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/17","item_de":"M\u00fcnzschmuck","item_en":"Coin Jewellery"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18202906","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18202906","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Kluge, Bernd"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"date_last":"2025-05-07 14:00:40","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"37","coin_status_name_de":"Kirche","coin_status_name_en":"Church","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/clergy","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/37"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"54","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/54","country_name_de":"Niederlande","country_name_en":"Netherlands","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/kingdom_of_the_netherlands","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2750405","ikmk_region_id":"313","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/313","region_name_de":"Utrecht","region_name_en":"Utrecht","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2745909","ikmk_mint_id":"750","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/750","mint_name":"Utrecht","mint_name_de":"Utrecht","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2745912"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"22 mm","weight":"3.84 g","accession":"Ohne Nummer","access_year":"","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"6","access_type_name":"Zugang ungekl\u00e4rt","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/6"},"findspot":{"ikmk_country_id":"10","country_ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/10","country_name_de":"Belgien","country_name_en":"Belgium","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2802361","ikmk_findspot_id":"1907","findspot_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/1907","findspot_name":"Lessines","findspot_nomisma_id":"","findspot_geonames_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2792567"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"Hludovvicus Imperator Augustus","leg_text":"HLVDOVVICVS IMP AVG","image_description":"Brustbild Kaiser Ludwigs des Frommen nach rechts mit Lorbeerkranz und Kaisermantel (paludamentum).","foto_date":"2004-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202906\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202906\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2972\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202906\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202906\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737721,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202906. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202906. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"SCI \/ MAR","image_description":"Zwischen den Schriftzeilen Kreuz und zwei Sterne.","foto_date":"2004-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202906\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202906\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2972\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202906\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202906\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737721,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202906. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202906. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"17","subdivision_name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"Early Middle Ages"},"literatur":"J. Lelewel, Anciennes plaques, RBN 1, 1841, 114 Taf. 2 Nr. 9; E. Gariel, Les monnaies royales de France sous la race carolingienne II (1884) 184 Nr. 116 Taf. 18,116; P. Grierson, The gold solidus of Louis the Pious and its imitations, JMP 38, 1951, 19 Nr. E; P. E. Schramm, Die deutschen K\u00f6nige und Kaiser in Bildern ihrer Zeit 751-1190 (1983) 158 Nr. 15,11 (P. Berghaus); B. Kluge, Numismatik des Mittelalters (2007) Nr. 283 (immer dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"Unicum. Gegossen. Alte Vergoldung und Fassung. - Die sehr qualit\u00e4tvoll ausgef\u00fchrte Vs. ist eng an die Solidi Ludwigs des Frommen angelehnt, die Rs. weist auf eine dem Heiligen Martin geweihte St\u00e4tte. Nach Lelewel (1841) wurde das St\u00fcck 1836 in Lessines (Hennegau) in Belgien gefunden. Wegen dieser Fundprovenienz hat es Grierson (1951) der Kirche St. Martin in Utrecht zugewiesen, nachdem vorher St. Martin in Tours oder St. Martial in Limoges als m\u00f6glicher Ursprung galten.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"11","name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","name_en":"Early Middle ages","description_de":"Bezeichnung f\u00fcr die Epoche von ungef\u00e4hr 500 bis ca. 900 (teilweise auch um 1000).","description_en":"Term to describe the period between c. 500 and c. 900 (in some regions to c. 1000).","concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503821-3","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/11"},"year_start":"814","year_end":"840","date_verbal":"814-840","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":199,"souce":"NMA I","number":"0283","similar":"0"}],"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"22","manufacturing_name_de":"gegossen","manufacturing_name_en":"cast","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/cast","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/22"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"1091":{"ikmk_person_id":"1091","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Ludwig der Fromme (813\/814-840), Kaiser, 781-814 K\u00f6nig in Aquitanien","vitalDates":"778-20.06.840","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Louis the Pious (813\/814-840), emperor, 781-814 king of Aquitaine","corporation":"0","lod":{"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/louis_the_pious":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/louis_the_pious","https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118640658":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118640658","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludwig_der_Fromme":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ludwig_der_Fromme","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_the_Pious":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_the_Pious","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/71534431":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/71534431","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG73966":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG73966","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q43974":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q43974","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1091":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1091"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"8","keyword_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter, 5.-9. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503821-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020760"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"37","keyword_de":"Geistliche F\u00fcrsten","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4156371-2","keyword_concept_uri":"https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/clergy"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"32","keyword_de":"Kaiser (MA&NZ)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4114123-4","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"2","keyword_de":"Mittelalter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4129108-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"61","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzschmuck und Schmuckm\u00fcnzen","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"73","keyword_de":"Spitzenst\u00fccke und Hauptwerke","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4702225-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300072312"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"19","keyword_de":"Westeuropa (ohne D)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4079215-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/4003761"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"11","timeline_item":"Das Reich der Franken","description":"Als Gr\u00fcnder des Frankenreiches gilt der Merowinger Chlodwig (482-511). Unter ihm und seinen Nachfolgern wurden die die Reste der r\u00f6mischen Herrschaft in Gallien beseitigt und durch Eroberung der Reiche der gallischen Westgoten (509) und der Burgunder (534) ein fr\u00e4nkisches Reich geschaffen. 751 l\u00f6sten die Karolinger die Merowinger als herrschende Dynastie ab. Unter Karl dem Gro\u00dfen (768-814) erreichte das Frankenreich seine gr\u00f6\u00dfte Ausdehnung. Es umfasste das ganze damalige christliche Europa und zog sich von der Nordsee bis nach Rom, von der Atlantikk\u00fcste bis an die Elbe. Im Jahre 800 wurde Karl der Gro\u00dfe in Rom zum Kaiser gekr\u00f6nt und damit das seit 476 in Europa erloschene r\u00f6mische Kaisertum wiederbegr\u00fcndet. Ab 843 l\u00f6ste sich das karolingische Gro\u00dfreich in verschiedene Teilreiche auf, aus denen im Laufe des Mittelalters Frankreich, Deutschland, Italien, die Niederlande und die Schweiz entstanden. Im Frankenreich ist das auf dem silbernen Pfennig (Denar) als einzigem M\u00fcnzwert beruhende M\u00fcnzsystem des europ\u00e4ischen Fr\u00fch- und Hochmittelalters entwickelt und durch die M\u00fcnzreformen Karls des Gro\u00dfen auf eine \u00fcber vierhundert Jahre g\u00fcltige Grundlage gestellt worden.","year_from":"482","year_until":"843","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"120","timeline_item":"Ludwig der Fromme","description":"Von den drei M\u00fcnztypen Ludwigs des Frommen (814-840) ist der um 822\/25 geschaffene Christiana-Religio-Pfennig die karolingische Reichsm\u00fcnze schlechthin geworden. Historisch aufschlussreicher freilich sind die beiden anderen Denartypen mit Portr\u00e4t des Kaisers bzw. Stadtnamen. Auf diese Weise geben \u00fcber 120 Orte von Barcelona und Venedig bis Dorestad und Regensburg einen Eindruck von der Ausdehnung des karolingischen Reiches. Eine Novit\u00e4t Ludwigs stellen Obole (halben Pfennige) und vor allem goldene Solidi dar, mit denen die Ebenb\u00fcrtigkeit gegen\u00fcber Byzanz demonstriert werden sollte. Au\u00dferdem befriedigten sie ein Bed\u00fcrfnis nach hochwertigen Zahlungsmitteln im Fernhandel, wie z.B. die friesischen Nachahmungen der Solidi Ludwigs des Frommen zeigen.","year_from":"814","year_until":"840","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"secondary_treatment":[{"ikmk_secondary_treatment_id":"7","item_de":"vergoldet","item_en":"gilded","description_de":"Mit Gold\u00fcberzug. Nachtr\u00e4gliche Behandlung eines Einzelobjektes, Vorgang geh\u00f6rt nicht zum normalen Herstellungsprozess.","description_en":"With an overlay (wholly or in parts) of a thin layer of gold. Process is not part of the regular production.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/secondary_treatment\/7","concept":["http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4202709-3","http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/gilded","http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300053789"]},{"ikmk_secondary_treatment_id":"28","item_de":"gefasst","item_en":"mounted","description_de":"Nachtr\u00e4glich mit einer Fassung versehen.","description_en":"Mounted in such a way that the coin or medal has become part of a new object.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/secondary_treatment\/28","concept":["http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mounted"]}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}