{"ikmk_mds_id":"18202977","ikmk_id":"3040","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"England: Heinrich III.","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18202977","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18202977","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Kluge, Bernd"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1127","nominal_de":"Sterling","nominal_en":"Sterling","nominal_nomisma_id":"","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4662796-0","info_de":"Bezeichnung der englischen Pfennigm\u00fcnze seit 1180 (ein Pfund Sterling zu 240 Pennies).","info_en":"The English penny coin introduced in 1180 (one pound sterling of 240 pennies).","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1127"},"date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"36","coin_status_name_de":"K\u00f6nigtum (MA\/NZ)","coin_status_name_en":"Kingdom (medieval\/modern)","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/king","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/36"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"28","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/28","country_name_de":"Gro\u00dfbritannien","country_name_en":"Great Britain","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/united_kingdom","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2635167","ikmk_region_id":"221","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/221","region_name":"England","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/6269131","ikmk_mint_id":"546","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/546","mint_name":"London","mint_name_de":"London","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/london","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2643741"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"18 mm","weight":"1.37 g","accession":"1879 Grote","access_year":"1879","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"NR ligiert. Henricus Rex","leg_text":"hENRICVS REX","image_description":"Gekr\u00f6ntes Brustbild Heinrich II. von vorn, in der rechten Hand ein Zepter.","foto_date":"2004-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202977\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202977\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n3\/3040\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202977\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202977\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643736697,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202977. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202977. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"VVILLEL ON LVND","image_description":"Langes Zwillingsfadenkreuz, in den Winkeln jeweils drei Kugeln.","foto_date":"2004-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202977\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202977\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n3\/3040\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202977\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202977\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643736697,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202977. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202977. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"27","subdivision_name_de":"Sp\u00e4tmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"Late Middle Ages"},"literatur":"Coins of England and the United Kingdom. 42. Auflage (2007) Nr. 1369-1373 (s. Kommentar); J. J. North, English Hammered Coinage I \u00b3(1994) Nr. 991-997 (s. Kommentar); B. Kluge, Numismatik des Mittelalters (2007) Nr. 1169 (dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"Der sog. Long Cross-Sterlingtyp wurde durch Heinrich III. 1247 eingef\u00fchrt und l\u00f6ste den Short Cross-Typ (hier BM-063\/02) ab. Zur genaueren chronologischen Gliederung der umfangreichen und bis 1279 typologisch unver\u00e4nderten Pr\u00e4gung hat die englische Numismatik ein kompliziertes Unterscheidungssystem entwickelt. Verl\u00e4\u00dfliche Bestimmungen nach diesem System setzen ein gro\u00dfes Vergleichsmaterial voraus. Das vorliegende St\u00fcck geh\u00f6rt in die sog. Class V (1251-1272).","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"17","name_de":"Sp\u00e4tmittelalter","name_en":"Late Middle Ages","description_de":"Bezeichnung f\u00fcr die Epoche von der Mitte des 13. 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Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503822-5","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"33","keyword_de":"K\u00f6nige (MA&NZ)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4031516-2","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"2","keyword_de":"Mittelalter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4129108-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"67","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzmeister\/-beamte","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300205361"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"21","keyword_de":"Nordeuropa","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4075455-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/4003757"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"42","timeline_item":"Der Sterling - L\u00f6segeld f\u00fcr Richard L\u00f6wenherz","description":"Es war ein europ\u00e4ischer Skandal, als auf dem Heimweg vom dritten Kreuzzug der englische K\u00f6nig Richard L\u00f6wenherz (1189-1198) vom \u00f6sterreichischen Herzog Leopold V. (1177-1194) gefangen genommen wurde. Zur Bezahlung des riesigen L\u00f6segeldes von 100.000 Mark Silber sind in England nicht einmal die Kirchensch\u00e4tze verschont worden. Es wurde gro\u00dfenteils in Sterlingen, einem 1180 in England eingef\u00fchrten M\u00fcnztyp gezahlt, der auf diese Weise in Europa zu einem gesch\u00e4tzten Zahlungsmittel wurde. 100.000 Mark Silber w\u00fcrden einer Zahl von 2,4 Millionen Sterlingen entsprechen. Aus dem L\u00f6segeld, das je zur H\u00e4lfte an Kaiser Heinrich VI. und Herzog Leopold von \u00d6sterreich ging, finanzierte der Staufer die Eroberung Siziliens, w\u00e4hrend der \u00d6sterreicher daraus die Ummauerung Wiens bezahlte und zum Umpr\u00e4gen des Silbers die M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte Wien gr\u00fcndete.","year_from":"1189","year_until":"1300","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"89","timeline_item":"Pfennig, Sterling, Groschen","description":"Vom 8. bis zum 12. Jh. gab es in Europa nur einen einzigen M\u00fcnzwert, den Pfennig (lat. Denar), der sich von etwa 1,7 g Gewicht im 8. Jh. auf teilweise weniger als 0,5 g im 12. Jh. verringert hatte. Mit dem 1180 in England eingef\u00fchrten Sterling existierte eine schwere Pfennigm\u00fcnze, die andernorts in Europa vier und mehr Pfennige wert war. Die dadurch eingeleitete Differenzierung des Pfenniggeldes f\u00fchrte um 1200 in Italien, wo die Pfennige besonders geringwertig waren, zur Ausgabe von h\u00f6herwertigen Silberm\u00fcnzen, f\u00fcr die sich wegen ihrer Gr\u00f6\u00dfe und Dicke allgemein und unah\u00e4ngig vom konkreten Wert die Bezeichnung grossus (Groschen) einb\u00fcrgerte. Groschengeld unterschiedlichster Art und Benennung ist im Sp\u00e4tmittelalter fast \u00fcberall in Europa gem\u00fcnzt worden, wobei eine Groschenm\u00fcnze in der Regel mindestens vier, selten mehr als 12 Pfennige galt.","year_from":"1200","year_until":"1500","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}