{"ikmk_mds_id":"18204134","ikmk_id":"4231","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Byzanz: Isaac II.","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18204134","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18204134","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Dahmen, Karsten"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"947","nominal_de":"Hyperpyron","nominal_en":"Hyperpyron","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/hyperpyron_nomisma","nominal_gnd_id":"","info_de":"","info_en":"A Byzantine gold denomination of the 1092 reform of Alexios I Komnenus (1081-1118), produced until 1355, during the reign of John V (1341-1376). The nominal value of the Hyperpyron is 24 carats, its actual value is ca. 20 \u00bd. Gold content will steadily decrease in time, down to 11 carats. Because of the concave fabric, it is also termed trachy Hyperpyron. It will remain the money of account after 1355. It was not struck under John VI sole reign (1390) or in the later years of John V (1390-1391). Also produced under the divided empire in Nicaea and Bulgaria.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/947"},"date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"34","coin_status_name_de":"Kaisertum (MA\/NZ)","coin_status_name_en":"Imperial issue (medieval\/modern)","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/empire","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/34"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"75","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/75","country_name_de":"T\u00fcrkei","country_name_en":"Turkey","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/298795","ikmk_region_id":"410","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/410","region_name":"Thracia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/thrace","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"898","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/898","mint_name":"Konstantinopolis","mint_name_de":"Konstantinopolis","mint_name_en":"Constantinople","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/constantinople","mint_geoname_id":""}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"3","material_name_de":"Gold","material_name_en":"Gold","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/av","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/3"},"diameter":"30 mm","die_axis":"5 h","weight":"4.39 g","accession":"1861 Friedl\u00e4nder","access_year":"1861","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"06.04.1861","avers":{"leg_trans":"Isaakios Despotes - Legende besonders am Ende kaum lesbar","leg_text":"[IC]AAKIOC \u0394[EC\u03a0OTHC]","image_description":"Isaac II. mit Krone und Stola (loros) (l.), in l. Hand ein Kreuzzepter, r. Erzengel Michael in R\u00fcstung. Sie halten zwischen sich eine Schwertscheide. \u00dcber dem Kaiser die Hand Gottes. Oben X-[\u0398], r. X\/AR\/X\/N. Im r. F. au\u00dfen drei Gegenstempel.","foto_date":"2005-10-26","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204134\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204134\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n4\/4231\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204134\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204134\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643732665,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18204134. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18204134. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"Meter Theou - MHP ligiert","leg_text":"MHP-\u0398V","image_description":"Die Jungfrau Maria mit Nimbus sitzt auf einem Thron mit gerader Lehne in der Vorderansicht, vor ihre Brust h\u00e4lt sie den Kopf des Christuskindes mit Nimbus.","foto_date":"2005-10-26","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204134\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204134\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n4\/4231\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204134\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204134\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643732665,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18204134. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18204134. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"19","subdivision_name_de":"Hochmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"High Middle Ages"},"literatur":"M. F. Hendy, Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection IV-1 (1999) 372 f. Nr. 1 Variante B (datiert 1185-1195); D. R. Sear, Byzantine coins and their values \u00b2(1987) 404 Nr. 2001; B. Kluge, Numismatik des Mittelalters (2007) Nr. 1468 (dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"Zur Pr\u00e4sentation der Vorderseite gelocht. - Auf der Vs. drei neuzeitliche (?) Gegenstempel, ein runder mit Augenornament, je ein rechteckiger mit CB bzw. KA.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"14","name_de":"Hochmittelalter","name_en":"High Middle Ages","description_de":"Bezeichnung der Epoche zwischen 900 (teilweise auch 1000) und der Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts.","description_en":"Term to describe the period between 900 (in some cases 1000) and the middle of the 13th century.","concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503822-5","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/14"},"year_start":"1185","year_end":"1195","date_verbal":"1185-1195","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":199,"souce":"NMA I","number":"1468","similar":"0"}],"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"5474":{"ikmk_person_id":"5474","title_de":null,"first_name_de":"Benoni","last_name_de":"Friedl\u00e4nder","vitalDates":"04.06.1773 - 17.02.1858","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Benoni","last_name_en":"Friedl\u00e4nder","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/116796634":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/116796634","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/40139014":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/40139014","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q818093":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q818093","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5474":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5474"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"0"}}},"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"845":{"ikmk_person_id":"845","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Isaac II. 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Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503822-5","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"32","keyword_de":"Kaiser (MA&NZ)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4114123-4","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"2","keyword_de":"Mittelalter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4129108-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"20","keyword_de":"Osteuropa","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4075739-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/4003756"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"40","timeline_item":"Dollars des Mittelalters - Byzantinische Solidi","description":"Fundament der byzantinischen W\u00e4hrung war der goldene Solidus (griechisch Nomisma), dessen auf Kaiser Konstantin zur\u00fcckgehender Standard von 1\/72 Pfund (= 4,55 g) bis in das 11. Jh. hinein im wesentlichen gehalten wurde. Diese au\u00dferordentliche Stabilit\u00e4t hat den Byzantinischen Solidus zu einer Art Weltw\u00e4hrung der damaligen Zeit werden lassen. Erst im 11. Jh. kam es zu einer Gewichtsverminderung und der Aufspaltung in einen schwereren (Nomisma Histamenom) und einen leichteren Solidus (Nomisma Tetarteron), und 1092 ist der Stolz der byzantinischen W\u00e4hrung mit einer M\u00fcnzreform abgel\u00f6st und durch eine leichtere Goldm\u00fcnze (Hyperperon) ersetzt worden. Halbe Solidi (Semisses) und Drittelsolidi (Trienten) spielten bis ins 8. Jh. eine Rolle, danach nicht mehr. Seit dem 9. Jh. ist das Christusbild st\u00e4ndiges Motiv der byzantinischen Goldm\u00fcnzen.","year_from":"500","year_until":"1100","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"secondary_treatment":[{"ikmk_secondary_treatment_id":"1","item_de":"gelocht","item_en":"pierced","description_de":"Absichtlich angebrachtes Loch (oder mehrere) zur Befestigung an einem Geh\u00e4nge oder einer Unterlage. Im Falle von Papiergeld h\u00e4ufig Lochung zum Zeichen der Entwertung.","description_en":"Intentional hole(s) pierced through a coin so that it can be worn on a neclace, sewn onto textiles, etc. In case of paper money such a perforation often indicates devaluation.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/secondary_treatment\/1","concept":["http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/pierced"]},{"ikmk_secondary_treatment_id":"4","item_de":"mit Gegenstempel","item_en":"countermarked","description_de":"Mit einem oder mehreren Gegenstempeln versehen. Diese sind u. a. zum Zweck der Auf- oder Abwertung und zur Anerkennung des Wertes angebracht, k\u00f6nnen auf den Ausgeber hinweisen oder in historischen Sammlungen den Besitzer eines Objektes.","description_en":"The impression left by a countermark punch. A tool that is used to punch into a coin subsequent to the original striking an additional mark or symbol that had meaning in the contemporary context of the coin - for example to mark a specific payment or to revalue a coin). Objects from early modern collections sometimes bear countermarks as a sign of ownership.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/secondary_treatment\/4","concept":["http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/countermark"]}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}