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Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18205315. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18205315. 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Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503823-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300111307"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"19","keyword_de":"Westeuropa (ohne D)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4079215-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/4003761"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"127","timeline_item":"Das Geld der P\u00e4pste","description":"Nach dem Abzug der Byzantiner aus Norditalien im 8. Jh., wo sie als Enklave das Exarchat Ravenna besa\u00dfen, \u00fcbernahmen die P\u00e4pste die byzantinische M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte in Rom. Erster mit eigenen M\u00fcnzen hervorgetretener Papst ist Hadrian I. (772-795). Seit der Kaiserkr\u00f6nung Karls des Gro\u00dfen 800 ist auf den p\u00e4pstlichen M\u00fcnzen auch der Kaiser als Schutzherr Roms und der P\u00e4pste genannt. Diese erste Phase p\u00e4pstlicher M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung endete im 11. Jh. Die zweite Phase p\u00e4pstlicher M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung f\u00e4llt in das Sp\u00e4tmittelalter, zuerst in Avignon (Frankreich, Comtat Venaissin), wo die P\u00e4pste seit 1309 residierten, ab 1417 dann wieder in Rom.","year_from":"772","year_until":"1500","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"107","timeline_item":"Frankreich. Silberm\u00fcnzen","description":"Die Ausgabe einer gro\u00dfen Silberm\u00fcnze zu 12 Denier tournois, des Gros tournois, durch Ludwig IX. (1226-1270) ab 1266 war eine folgenreiche m\u00fcnzgeschichtliche Neuerung. Der Gros tournois (Turnosengroschen, Turnose) verbreitete sich rasch \u00fcber Frankreich hinaus und war der Ansto\u00df zu \u00e4hnlichen Groschenm\u00fcnzen andernorts. Mit dem Hundertj\u00e4hrigen Krieg ab 1337 ist f\u00fcr Frankreich eine Reihe von M\u00fcnzkrisen (H\u00f6hepunkt 1417-1422) verbunden, da die Verschlechterung der Groschenm\u00fcnzen gezielt als Mittel zur Kriegsfinanzierung eingesetzt wurde. 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Eine Sonderstellung nehmen die M\u00fcnzen des formell zum Deutschen Reich geh\u00f6rigen Arelats (Niederburgund), der Provence und der P\u00e4pste in Avignon (seit 1309) ein.","year_from":"1200","year_until":"1500","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}