{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_mds_id":"18206254","ikmk_id":"6436","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Hessen-Kassel: Friedrich II.","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18206254","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18206254","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Bannicke, Elke"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1135","nominal_de":"Taler","nominal_en":"Taler","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/taler","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4184382-4","info_de":"Die europ\u00e4ische Gro\u00dfsilberm\u00fcnze im Wert eines Goldguldens (florin). Sie hat ihren Ursprung in einer seit 1486 in der Tiroler M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte Hall gepr\u00e4gten Silberm\u00fcnze, die anfangs Guldiner, Guldengroschen und sp\u00e4ter auch Guldentaler genannt wurde. Der Erfolg dieser neuen M\u00fcnzform, insbesondere jener im b\u00f6hmischen Joachimthal (J\u00e1chymov in der Tschechischen Republik) gepr\u00e4gten der Grafen von Schlick, schuf den Rufnamen Joachimthaler, kurz Taler, und damit die neue Bezeichnung dieser M\u00fcnzsorte. In anderen L\u00e4ndern liefen bald \u00e4hnliche Gro\u00dfsilbernominale u.a. unter den Namen Crown, Daalder und Tallero um.\r\nDiese id dient als generische Bezeichnung der verschiedenen Talerm\u00fcnzen. Weitere Einzelkonzepte mit entsprechender Beschreibung und Definition sind unter den jeweiligen Einzelbezeichnungen zu finden.\r\n\r\nLit.: F. von Schr\u00f6tter, W\u00f6rterbuch der M\u00fcnzkunde (1930) s.v. Taler 676 f.","info_en":"The Guldengroschen (Guldiner) issued by the counts of Schlick in Joachimsthal (J\u00e1chimov) were quickly labelled Joachimstaler (Joachimsthaler) or simply Taler (Thaler), hence introducing this term as a name for the now highly popular huge silver denomination equivalent to the gold gulden (florin). This id serves to identify all similar coins (within mainly the German speaking world) issued during the following centuries. For specific types of Talers and foreign currency based on the Taler see designated ids and their definitions.\r\nLit.: F. von Schr\u00f6tter, W\u00f6rterbuch der M\u00fcnzkunde (1930) s.v. Taler pp. 676-677.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1135"},"patronage":"Anonymus","date_last":"2026-01-05 14:35:56","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"273","coin_status_name_de":"Landgrafschaft Hessen","coin_status_name_en":"Landgraviate Hesse","coin_status_nomisma_id":""}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"19","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/19","country_name_de":"Deutschland","country_name_en":"Germany","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bundesrepublik_deutschland","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2921044","ikmk_region_id":"72","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/72","region_name_de":"Hessen","region_name_en":"Hesse","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2905330","ikmk_mint_id":"191","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/191","mint_name":"Kassel","mint_name_de":"Kassel","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3220995"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"35 mm","die_axis":"12 h","weight":"23.26 g","accession":"1916\/193","access_year":"1916","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"FRIDERICUS II D G HASS LANDG HAN COM","image_description":"Kopf des Landgrafen Friedrich II. nach rechts.","foto_date":"2005-10-26","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206254\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206254\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n6\/6436\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206254\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206254\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643732093,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18206254. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18206254. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"EIN THALER \/\/ VIRTUTE ET FIDELITATE \/\/ 17-78","image_description":"Wertbezeichnung als Umschrift, Ordensstern. Darunter Jahreszahl und M\u00fcnzmeisterzeichen B R.","foto_date":"2005-10-26","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206254\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206254\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n6\/6436\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206254\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206254\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643732093,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18206254. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18206254. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"3","division_name_de":"Neuzeit","division_name_en":"Modern Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"24","subdivision_name_de":"18. Jh.","subdivision_name_en":"18th century"},"literatur":"H.-D. M\u00fcller, M\u00fcnzen und Medaillen der hessischen Landgrafschaften von 1483 bis 1803\/1806 (2019) 303 Nr. 2715; A. Sch\u00fctz, Die hessischen M\u00fcnzen des Hauses Brabant IV (1998) 278 f. Nr. 1962; J. S. Davenport, German Talers 1700-1800 (1965) Nr. 2303; J. C. C. Hoffmeister, Hessische M\u00fcnzen: Historisch-kritische Beschreibung aller bis jetzt bekannt gewordenen hessischen M\u00fcnzen, Medaillen und Marken in genealogisch-chronologischer Folge II (1857-1880) Nr. 2480.","comment":"Die sogenannten Sterntaler sind benannt nach der Darstellung auf der M\u00fcnzr\u00fcckseite. Sie zeigt den achtzackigen Stern des hessischen Hausordens vom Goldenen L\u00f6wen. M\u00f6glicherweise sind die im M\u00e4rchen \u201eSterntaler\u201c der Gebr\u00fcder Grimm erw\u00e4hnten Taler in Beziehung zu den hessischen Talern zu setzen. Vielfach wird der Taler auch Blutdollar (Blood Dollar) genannt. Landgraf Friedrich II, hatte dem englischen K\u00f6nig 12.000 hessische Soldaten f\u00fcr dessen Kampf gegen die abtr\u00fcnnigen Kolonien an der Ostk\u00fcste Nordamerikas \u201everkauft\u201c. Von dem daf\u00fcr erhaltenen Silber sollen diese Taler gepr\u00e4gt worden sein. F\u00fcr jeden gefallenen Soldaten musste England weitere 50 Taler zahlen - der Blutzoll - daher der Beiname der Taler. Bei Schiller ist in \u201eKabale und Liebe\u201c dieses \u201eGesch\u00e4ft\u201c des Landgrafen beschrieben.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"13","name_de":"Barock","name_en":"Baroque","description_de":"Kunst bzw- Stilperiode, welche mit regional unterschiedlichen Entwicklungen die Zeit vom Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts bis ca. 1730 umfasst. Teilweise wird der Rokoko (bis ca. 1770) ihr auch zugerechnet.","description_en":"Art period with a regionally varying developement in chronological terms roughly from the end of the 16th century to c. 1730. Sometimes the following period Rococo (to c. 1770) is considered a late form of Baroque.","concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300021147","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/13"},"year_start":"1778","year_end":"1778","date_verbal":"1778","year_islam":"0","manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"669":{"ikmk_person_id":"669","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Friedrich II. (1760-1785), Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel","vitalDates":"14.08.1720 - 31.10.1785","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Friedrich II (1760-1785), landgrave of Hesse-Kassel","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/130249424":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/130249424","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friedrich_II._(Hessen-Kassel)":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friedrich_II._(Hessen-Kassel)","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frederick_II,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frederick_II,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/47863906":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/47863906","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q454473":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q454473","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/669":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/669"}}}},"55":{"ikmk_type_id":"55","type_name_de":"M\u00fcnzmeister (MM Nz)","type_name_en":"Mintmaster (MM Mod)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4170686-9","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/55","items":{"1879":{"ikmk_person_id":"1879","title_de":null,"first_name_de":"Johann Balthasar","last_name_de":"Reinhard","vitalDates":"1729-1816","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Johann Balthasar","last_name_en":"Reinhard","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1184080097":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1184080097","https:\/\/mmlo.de\/13354":"https:\/\/mmlo.de\/13354","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/513155598030015600003":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/513155598030015600003","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1879":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1879"}}}},"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"Autorit\u00e4t","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/57","items":{"669":{"ikmk_person_id":"669","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Friedrich II. (1760-1785), Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel","vitalDates":"14.08.1720 - 31.10.1785","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Friedrich II (1760-1785), landgrave of Hesse-Kassel","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/130249424":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/130249424","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friedrich_II._(Hessen-Kassel)":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Friedrich_II._(Hessen-Kassel)","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frederick_II,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Frederick_II,_Landgrave_of_Hesse-Kassel","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/47863906":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/47863906","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q454473":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q454473","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/669":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/669"}}}},"125":{"ikmk_type_id":"125","type_name_de":"Ver\u00e4u\u00dferer (an Museum)","type_name_en":"Vendor (to Museum)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4126928-7","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/125","items":{"8358":{"ikmk_person_id":"8358","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Vaterlandsdank Berlin","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Vaterlandsdank Berlin","corporation":"1","lod":{"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/corporation\/8358":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/corporation\/8358"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"79","keyword_de":"18. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300404512"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"18","keyword_de":"Deutschland","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4011882-4","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/7000084"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"76","keyword_de":"Gegenst\u00e4nde","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4121320-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300311889"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"67","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzmeister\/-beamte","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300205361"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"3","keyword_de":"Neuzeit","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4171678-4","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"34","keyword_de":"Weltliche F\u00fcrsten","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4166473-5","keyword_concept_uri":""}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"75","timeline_item":"Deutschland. Silberm\u00fcnzen 17. und 18. Jh.","description":"Der aufbl\u00fchende Welthandel und die nachlassende Silberausbeute in den Bergwerken Europas f\u00fchrten zum stetigen Anstieg des Silberpreises und R\u00fcckgang der deutschen Talerpr\u00e4gung. Zunehmend wurde diese durch fremde W\u00e4hrungen, wie spanische und franz\u00f6sische Gro\u00dfsilberm\u00fcnzen, ersetzt. Letztere flossen als das sog. Franzgeld \u00fcber den Getreidehandel bzw. Subsidienzahlungen in die deutschen Staaten und bildeten bis in die Mitte des 18. Jh. hinein mit dem Ecu (Laubtaler) die wichtigste Kurantm\u00fcnze. Der Taler wurde als \u201esch\u00f6ne\u201c M\u00fcnze zwar weiter gepr\u00e4gt, hatte aber mit Ausnahme weniger, \u00fcber Silberressourcen verf\u00fcgender M\u00fcnzst\u00e4nde kaum mehr monet\u00e4re Funktion. Die Graumansche M\u00fcnzreform 1750 in Preu\u00dfen und die Einf\u00fchrung des Konventionsfu\u00dfes in \u00d6sterreich und S\u00fcddeutschland waren ein gelungener Versuch, die Pr\u00e4gung von Silbergeld wieder profitabel zu machen.","year_from":"1601","year_until":"1800","autor":"Bannicke, Elke"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}