{"ikmk_mds_id":"18206270","ikmk_id":"6452","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Sueben: Rechiar","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"53","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/53","item_de":"M\u00fcnzf\u00e4lschung","item_en":"Coin forgery"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18206270","permalink_source":"","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18206270","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Kluge, Bernd; Dahmen, Karsten"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1107","nominal_de":"Siliqua","nominal_en":"Siliqua","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/siliqua","nominal_gnd_id":"","info_de":"Eigentlich die Schote des Johannisbrotbaumes (griech. keration). Der Begriff bezeichnet sowohl die Gewichtseinheit zu 1\/1728 des r\u00f6m. Pfundes (0,189 g) als auch eine von Constantinus I. um 313 n. Chr. erstmals gepr\u00e4gte Silberm\u00fcnze mit einem offiziellen, oft aber leicht unterschrittenen Gewicht von 3,41 g (1\/96 des r\u00f6m. Pfundes, und damit dem alten Denar seit Nero und dem Argenteus des Diocletianus entsprechend). Sie galt 1\/24 des goldenen Solidus. Um 360 n. Chr. abgewertet auf 2,27 g (1\/144 libra). Zwei Siliquen entsprechen einem Miliarense. Bis unter Honorius (393\u2013423 n. Chr.) in gro\u00dfer Zahl gepr\u00e4gt, danach seltener mit h\u00e4ufig schwankendem Gewicht. Auch byzantinische M\u00fcnzen des 5.-7. Jhs. sowie Pr\u00e4gungen germanischer St\u00e4mme der V\u00f6lkerwanderungszeit werden als Siliquen bezeichnet, dort kommen auch weitere Unterteilungen vor.\r\n\r\nLit.: F. von Schr\u00f6tter, W\u00f6rterbuch der M\u00fcnzkunde (1930) 638 s. v. Siliqua.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1107"},"patronage":"Anonymus","date_last":"2024-04-12 11:30:25","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"36","coin_status_name_de":"K\u00f6nigtum (MA\/NZ)","coin_status_name_en":"Kingdom (medieval\/modern)","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/king","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/36"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"59","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/59","country_name_de":"Portugal","country_name_en":"Portugal","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2264397","ikmk_region_id":"324","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/324","region_name":"","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"778","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/778","mint_name":"Braga","mint_name_de":"Braga","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2742032"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"18 mm","die_axis":"11 h","weight":"1.19 g","accession":"1993 Stefan I.1117","access_year":"1993","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"D N HONORI-VS P F AVG","image_description":"Drapiertes Brustbild des Honorius im Panzer mit Diadem nach rechts.","foto_date":"2005-10-11","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206270\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206270\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n6\/6452\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206270\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206270\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643731866,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18206270. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18206270. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"IVSSV RICHIARI REGES","image_description":"Kranz, darin Kreuz zwischen B-R.","foto_date":"2005-06-11","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206270\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206270\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n6\/6452\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206270\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18206270\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643731866,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18206270. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18206270. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"17","subdivision_name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"Early Middle Ages"},"literatur":"W. Reinhart, Die M\u00fcnzen des Suebenreiches, MBNG 55, 1937, 180 f. 189 Nr. I Taf. 36 (dieses St\u00fcck, Exemplare Paris und Sammlung Fr. Stefan nicht echt); S. Suchodolski, La silique du roi Rechiarius et les autres monnaies su\u00e8ves, QT 18, 1989, 353-362 (ebd. 353: Abguss des Exemplares in Paris ebd. Abb. 1); P. Grierson - M. Blackburn, Medieval European Coinage I (1986) 78 f.; B. Kluge, Numismatik des Mittelalters (2007) Nr. 103 (dieses St\u00fcck); RIC X Nr. 3786 (datiert 448-455); K. Dahmen, Siliqua de plata de Requiario in: In tempore Sueborum. El tiempo de los Suevos en la Gallaecia (411-585). Katalog Ourense (2017) 76 Nr. 49 (F\u00e4lschung?); M. J. Barroca, Os seis exemplares da Siliqua de Requi\u00e1rio, Nummus 2017, 29-45. 34 f. Abb. 5 (dieses St\u00fcck, Kopie des Exemplares in Paris).","comment":"Die Vorderseite ist einer M\u00fcnze des Kaisers Honorius (regierte 393-423 n. Chr.) nachempfunden, w\u00e4hrend die R\u00fcckseite den suebischen K\u00f6nig Rechiar nennt. Es ist dies das fr\u00fcheste Zeugnis f\u00fcr die Verwendung des Herrschernamens auf M\u00fcnzen der V\u00f6lkerwanderungszeit.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"11","name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","name_en":"Early Middle ages","description_de":"Bezeichnung f\u00fcr die Epoche von ungef\u00e4hr 500 bis ca. 900 (teilweise auch um 1000).","description_en":"Term to describe the period between c. 500 and c. 900 (in some regions to c. 1000).","concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503821-3","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/11"},"year_start":"1920","year_end":"1937","date_verbal":"vor 1937","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":93,"souce":"RIC X","number":"3786","similar":"0"},{"ikmk_referenz_id":199,"souce":"NMA I","number":"0103","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"6706":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/ocre\/id\/ric.10.spa.3786"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"22","manufacturing_name_de":"gegossen","manufacturing_name_en":"cast","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/cast","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/22"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"6249":{"ikmk_person_id":"6249","title_de":"Dr.","first_name_de":"Friedrich","last_name_de":"Stefan","vitalDates":"11.07.1886 - 18.05.1962","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Friedrich","last_name_en":"Stefan","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/102620997":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/102620997","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/305997756":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/305997756","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q107175402":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q107175402","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/6249":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/6249"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"1962"}}},"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"831":{"ikmk_person_id":"831","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Honorius","vitalDates":"384-423 n. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Honorius","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118706934":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118706934","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flavius_Honorius":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flavius_Honorius","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honorius_(emperor)":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honorius_(emperor)","https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/honorius":"https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/honorius","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/398923":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/398923","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140689":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140689","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q159798":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q159798","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/831":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/831"}}}},"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"Autorit\u00e4t","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/57","items":{"1347":{"ikmk_person_id":"1347","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Rechiar (448-455), K\u00f6nig der Sueben","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Rechiar (448-455), king of the Suebi","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rechiar":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rechiar","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rechiar":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rechiar","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1347":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1347"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"50","keyword_de":"Christliche Ikonographie","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7502667-3","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"81","keyword_de":"F\u00e4lschungen","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4016247-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015641"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"8","keyword_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter, 5.-9. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503821-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020760"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"33","keyword_de":"K\u00f6nige (MA&NZ)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4031516-2","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"2","keyword_de":"Mittelalter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4129108-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"24","keyword_de":"Spanien und Portugal","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4047912-2","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/7016676"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"16","timeline_item":"Pseudoimperiale Pr\u00e4gungen","description":"Erste Stufe eigener M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gungen in allen V\u00f6lkerwanderungsreichen sind pseudo-imperiale Pr\u00e4gungen. Als solche bezeichnet man Nachahmungen kaiserlicher M\u00fcnzen in Gold (Solidi und Trienten) und Silber (Siliquen). Die Spannbreite reicht dabei von getreulichen Kopien bis hin zu in Bild und Schrift stark entstellten Produkten. Die genaue Zuweisung solcher M\u00fcnzen ist schwierig. Die wichtigsten Hilfsmittel hierzu sind Stilvergleiche und Fundvorkommen. Daraus lassen sich bestimmte landschaftliche Eigent\u00fcmlichkeiten (\u201eFabriken\u201c) ableiten und auf dieser Grundlage zum Beispiel vandalische, ostgotische, langobardische, suebische, westgotische, burgundische oder fr\u00e4nkische Imitationen ermitteln. Es ist anzunehmen, da\u00df auch andere V\u00f6lker \u2013 etwa Rugen, Gepiden, Hunnen \u2013 mit solchen Imitationen hervorgetreten sind. Die Nachahmungen der Solidi beginnen im germanischen Raum im 4. Jahrhundert n. Chr. und haben ihren H\u00f6hepunkt im 5. und der ersten H\u00e4lfte des 6. Jahrhunderts. Seit der Reichsteilung von 395 und den eigenen Kaisern im Westr\u00f6mischen und im Ostr\u00f6mischen Reich, also seit Honorius (395-423) im Westen und Arcadius (395-408) im Osten, sind praktisch Solidi aller Herrscher bis zum Ende des 6. Jahrhunderts, bis etwa Heraclius (610-641) nachgeahmt worden.","year_from":"350","year_until":"600","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"10","timeline_item":"Die V\u00f6lkerwanderung","description":"Als V\u00f6lkerwanderung wird der Zeitraum vom sp\u00e4ten 4. bis etwa zum Ende des 7. Jahrhunderts bezeichnet. Diese Zeit ist gekennzeichnet durch den Untergang des Westr\u00f6mischen Reiches (476) und Staatsgr\u00fcndungen verschiedener germanischer V\u00f6lker auf dem Boden des einstigen R\u00f6mischen Reiches (Vandalen, Goten, Langobarden, Burgunder, Franken). Die neuen Herren \u00fcbernahmen zun\u00e4chst, soweit sie \u00fcberhaupt M\u00fcnzen pr\u00e4gten, die r\u00f6mischen Vorbilder. Diese sog. pseudoimperialen M\u00fcnzen in Gold (Solidi und Trienten) und Silber (Siliquen) sind bisweilen nur an kleinen \u00c4u\u00dferlichkeiten, bestimmten Zeichen oder einem abweichende Stil, bisweilen aber auch durch eine starke Barbarisierung von den r\u00f6mischen Kaiserm\u00fcnzen zu unterscheiden. Ende des 5., Anfang des 6. Jahrhunderts traten dann Vandalen, Ostgoten und Burgunder mit eigenen, den jeweiligen Herrscher nennenden M\u00fcnzen hervor. Im Laufe des 6. Jahrhunderts kamen die Westgoten und Franken hinzu. M\u00fcnzwerte und M\u00fcnzsystem blieben dem sp\u00e4tantiken und ostr\u00f6mischen M\u00fcnzwesen angepasst.","year_from":"400","year_until":"700","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}