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Eigentlich \u201eEiner\u201c bzw. \u201eEinheit\u201c. Bezeichnet im Gewichtssystem des Geldes der r\u00f6mischen Republik das in zw\u00f6lf Unzen (unciae) unterteilte Pfund (libra), mit wechselnden sinkenden Standards (vom obengenannten libralen zum semilibralen, sextanalen und schlie\u00dflich unzialen). Zun\u00e4chst gegossen als Teil des Aes grave, seit dem Ende des 3. Jhs. v. Chr. gepr\u00e4gt. Auch die entsprechende Einheit unteritalischen Schwergeldes wurde als As bezeichnet. Mit der Einf\u00fchrung des Denares (s. dort) kamen erst zehn, dann 16 Asses auf einen solchen. Augustus lie\u00df den As ebenfalls als Kupferm\u00fcnze weiterpr\u00e4gen, lediglich Nero gab ihn kurzfristig in Messing aus. Im Verlauf des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. werden Asses immer seltener gepr\u00e4gt und erscheinen zuletzt unter Aurelianus (reg. 270-275 n. 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Vom Bundesgenossenkrieg bis auf Kaiser Claudius. Nebst einleitendem \u00dcberblick \u00fcber die Entwicklung des antiken M\u00fcnzwesens (1909) Taf. 12,1; K. Kraft, K. Kraft, Der goldene Kranz Caesars und der Kampf um die Entlarvung des \u201eTyrannen\u201c, JNG 3\/4, 1952\/1953, 7-93. 75 f. Taf. 3,3; A. Wallace-Hadrill, Image and Authority in the Coinage of Augustus, Journl of Roman Studies 76, 1986, 66-87. 82 f. Taf. 1,4; K. Galinsky, Augustan Culture (1996) 35 Abb. 18. - Zur Frage der Echtheit: A. M. Burnett, The Authority to Coin in the Late Republic and Early Empire, Numismatic Chronicle 1977, 37-63. 51 f.; C. H. V. Sutherland, Some Observations on the Coinage of Augustus, QT 7, 1978, 163-187. 173-175. - Zum Gegenstempel siehe B. Simonetta - R. Riva, \u00abAquiletta\u00bb Estense o \u00abaquiletta\u00bb Gonzaga?, QT 8, 1979, 359-373; dies., Ancora sull'aquiletta Gonzaga e non Estense, QT 12, 1983, 333-341. Gegen diese Deutung: C. Poggi, La collezione numismatica di Alfonso II d'Este: una attribuzione delle monete recanti la cosiddetta 'aquiletta estense o gonzaga' in: J. Dobrini\u0107 (Hrsg.), Proceedings of the 3rd International Numismatic Congress in Croatia 11th-14th October 2001 (2002) 189-200.","comment":"Auf der Vorderseite ist nachtr\u00e4glich ein Gegenstempel mit dem Adlerwappen der Familie d'Este aufgebracht worden, welcher zur Kennzeichnung der im 17. Jh. zerstreuten Sammlung dieser Familie in Mantua benutzt wurde. - Zun\u00e4chst in der Sammlung Gonzaga (dort pr\u00e4gte man der M\u00fcnze das kleine silberne Adlerwappen ein). Dann Teil der Sammlung Bunbury, welche 1895 in London versteigert wurde. Es folgte der Verkauf durch Seltmann an das M\u00fcnzkabinett Berlin. 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Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"14","timeline_item":"Augustus","description":"Als Gaius Iulius Caesar, der Octavianus genannte Adoptivsohn Caesars, 31 bzw. 30 v. Chr. erst bei Actium und anschlie\u00dfend in Alexandria aus den B\u00fcrgerkriegen der sp\u00e4ten Republik als Sieger hervorging und die alleinige Macht im R\u00f6mischen Reich errungen hatte, ordnete er das r\u00f6mische M\u00fcnzwesen neu. Goldm\u00fcnzen, zuvor nur in Krisensituationen verwendet, wurden zum festen Bestandteil der nunmehr trimetallischen W\u00e4hrung (Gold, Silber, Bronze). Das neue Herrschaftssystem erforderte neue Bilder, mit denen sich der Herrscher pr\u00e4sentierte. Einen weiteren Einschnitt bildete die Ernennung des Prinzeps zum \u201aAugustus\u2019, was \u201eder Erhabene\u201c bedeutet. Bis zu seinem Tod im Jahre 14 n. Chr. blieben ihm 41 Jahre, um das neue Herrschaftssystem zu etablieren. Gerade zu Beginn des neuen Herrschaftssystems, des Prinzipates, findet sich noch eine Vielzahl von ikonographischen Versuchen, die reizvolle und zum Teil schwer zu interpretierende Zeugnisse einer \u00dcbergangszeit sind.","year_from":"-30","year_until":"14","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}