{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_mds_id":"18208926","ikmk_id":"9081","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Chios: Maona","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18208926","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18208926","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Kluge, Bernd"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"852","nominal_de":"Gigliato","nominal_en":"Gigliato","nominal_nomisma_id":"","nominal_gnd_id":null,"info_de":null,"info_en":null,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/852"},"date_last":"2026-02-19 14:29:37","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"52","coin_status_name_de":"Republik (MA\/NZ)","coin_status_name_en":"Republic (medieval\/modern)","coin_status_nomisma_id":""}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"27","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/27","country_name_de":"Griechenland","country_name_en":"Greece","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/greece","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/390903","ikmk_region_id":"196","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/196","region_name_de":"","region_name_en":null,"region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"444","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/444","mint_name":"Chios","mint_name_de":"Chios","mint_name_en":"Chius","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/chios","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/259973"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"29 mm","die_axis":"9 h","weight":"3.61 g","accession":"1898\/370","access_year":"1898","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"Dux Ianuensis quem Deus protegat","leg_text":"+ DVX IANVEN9 QVEM DVS PTEGAT","image_description":"Thronender Doge mit Dogenm\u00fctze, Zepter und Kreuzglobus.","foto_date":"2004-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18208926\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18208926\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n9\/9081\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18208926\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18208926\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643740963,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18208926. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18208926. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"+ CONRADVS REX ROMANOR D G","image_description":"Lilienverziertes Kreuz.","foto_date":"2004-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18208926\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18208926\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n9\/9081\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18208926\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18208926\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643740963,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18208926. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18208926. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"27","subdivision_name_de":"Sp\u00e4tmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"Late Middle Ages"},"literatur":"G. Schlumberger, Numismatique de l\u2019Orient latin (1878-1882) 417 Taf. 14, 7; B. Kluge, Numismatik des Mittelalters (2007) Nr. 1416 (dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"Die Maona (von arab. mauna, finanzielle Beihilfe) bezeichnet ein Unternehmerkonsortium von urspr\u00fcnglich 29, seit 1362 dann 12 genuesischen Kaufleuten, das 1346 die Eroberung von Chios finanzierte und dem daf\u00fcr als Gegenleistung von der Republik Genua die wirtschaftliche Nutzung der Insel gegen einen j\u00e4hrlichen Zins \u00fcbertragen wurde. Die Maona hielt Chios gegen die T\u00fcrken bis 1566.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"17","name_de":"Sp\u00e4tmittelalter","name_en":"Late Middle Ages","description_de":"Bezeichnung f\u00fcr die Epoche von der Mitte des 13. Jahrhundert bis ungef\u00e4hr 1500.","description_en":"Term used for the period from the middle of the 13th century to c. 1500.","concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503823-7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/17"},"year_start":"1347","year_end":"1415","date_verbal":"ab 1347","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":199,"souce":"NMA I","number":"1416","similar":"0"}],"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"125":{"ikmk_type_id":"125","type_name_de":"Ver\u00e4u\u00dferer (an Museum)","type_name_en":"Vendor (to Museum)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4126928-7","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/125","items":{"6289":{"ikmk_person_id":"6289","title_de":null,"first_name_de":"Alfred Oscar van","last_name_de":"Lennep","vitalDates":"08.04.1851-1913","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Alfred Oscar van","last_name_en":"Lennep","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG100214":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG100214","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q130357547":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q130357547","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/6289":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/6289"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"50","keyword_de":"Christliche Ikonographie","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7502667-3","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"23","keyword_de":"Griechenland","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4022047-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/1000074"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"44","keyword_de":"Herrscherrepr\u00e4sentation","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"2","keyword_de":"Mittelalter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4129108-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"82","keyword_de":"Republik (MA&NZ)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4177823-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300179493"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"10","keyword_de":"Sp\u00e4tmittelalter, 13.-15. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503823-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300111307"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"38","keyword_de":"St\u00e4dte","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4056723-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"125","timeline_item":"Nachahmungen, Imitationen, Beischl\u00e4ge","description":"Erfolgreiche und beliebte M\u00fcnzen sind auch im Mittelalter au\u00dferhalb ihres Ursprungsortes nachgeahmt worden. Die Gr\u00fcnde sind vielf\u00e4ltig: Teils folgte man einfach erprobten Mustern, teils wollte man am Erfolg des Vorbildes mitverdienen und den eigenen M\u00fcnzen die gleiche Verbreitung sichern, teils nahm der internationale Geldverkehr nur bestimmte Sorten an. Diese Art von Nachahmungen hielt in der Regel auch die G\u00fcte (Edelmetallgehalt) des Vorbildes ein, wie etwa die Florene des 14. Jhs. H\u00e4ufig haben Nachahmungen aber auch einen kriminellen Hintergrund, wenn nur noch das Bild, nicht aber die innere G\u00fcte dem Vorbild entsprach. Einen besonderen Fall stellen die sog. pseudo-imperialen Pr\u00e4gungen in den Staaten der V\u00f6lkerwanderungszeit dar. Einen anderen Fall bilden Beischl\u00e4ge in Regionen, die noch nicht an geldwirtschaftliche Verh\u00e4ltnisse gew\u00f6hnt sind, wie Skandinavien und die westslawischen Gebiete im 10. und 11. Jh.","year_from":"800","year_until":"1500","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"134","timeline_item":"S\u00fcdosteuropa im Sp\u00e4tmittelalter","description":"Die M\u00fcnzen des Balkans vor der t\u00fcrkischen Eroberung sind durch byzantinische und venezianische Einfl\u00fcsse bestimmt. Russland ist im Mittelalter ohne nennenswerte eigene M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung.\r\nDie nach 1204 entstandenen Kreuzfahrerstaaten in Griechenland und der \u00c4g\u00e4is \u00fcbernahmen den Typ des franz\u00f6sischen Denier tournois. Die Groschenm\u00fcnzen in Zypern und Rhodos wie auch verschiedener kleinasiatischer Dynasten folgen dem neapolitanischen Groschentyp (Gigliato).","year_from":"1200","year_until":"1500","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}