{"ikmk_mds_id":"18213429","ikmk_id":"13549","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"R\u00f6m. Republik: C. Iulius Caesar (Octavianus)","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18213429","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18213429","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Dei\u00dfmann, Marielouise; Dahmen, Karsten"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"715","nominal_de":"Cistophor","nominal_en":"Cistophor","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/cistophorus","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4163972-8","info_de":"Als Cistophoren bezeichnet man eine Gruppe von Silberm\u00fcnzen im (Vergleich zur Tetradrachme reduzierten) Gewicht von 3 attischen Drachmen oder r\u00f6mischen Denaren zu etwa 12 g. Ihren Namen tragen sie nach dem Korb auf der Vorderseite, aus dem eine Schlange hervorkriecht (cista mystica). Sie wurden in Pergamon unter Eumenes II. f\u00fcr das pergamenische Reich als \u00fcberst\u00e4dtische W\u00e4hrung eingef\u00fchrt. 16 St\u00e4dte erhielten damals das Pr\u00e4gerecht f\u00fcr dieses Silbergeld. Kistophoren wurden \u00fcber das Ende des pergamenischen Reiches hinaus auch in der Provinz Asia durch die r\u00f6mischen Prokuratoren gepr\u00e4gt. Sp\u00e4ter sind auch M. Antonius, Augustus und andere r\u00f6mische Kaiser auf Cistophoren vertreten.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/715"},"date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"54","coin_status_name_de":"Stadt","coin_status_name_en":"City","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/54"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"75","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/75","country_name_de":"T\u00fcrkei","country_name_en":"Turkey","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/298795","ikmk_region_id":"381","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/381","region_name":"Asia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/asia","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"902","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/902","mint_name":"Ephesos","mint_name_de":"Ephesos","mint_name_en":"Ephesus","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ephesus","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/7522155"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"27 mm","die_axis":"1 h","weight":"10.97 g","accession":"1911\/471","access_year":"1911","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"3","access_type_name":"Schenkung","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4052258-1","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/3"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"IMP CAESAR DIVI F COS VI LIBER[TATIS P R VI]NDEX","image_description":"Kopf des C. Iulius Caesar (Octavianus) mit Lorbeerkranz nach r. Unter dem Kopf ein rechteckiger Gegenstempel IMP VES AVG (ligiert).","foto_date":"2009-07-07","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"3","photographer_name":"Dirk Sonnenwald","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18213429\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18213429\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n13\/13549\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18213429\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18213429\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643738855,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18213429. Aufnahme durch Dirk Sonnenwald.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18213429. Photographs by Dirk Sonnenwald."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"PAX","image_description":"Pax steht in der Vorderansicht auf einem Schwert (parazonium?), den Kopf nach l. Sie h\u00e4lt in ihrer r. erhobenen Hand einen Merkurstab (caduceus). Im r. F. eine Cista mystica, aus der sich eine Schlange aufrichtet. Das Ganze in einem Lorbeerkranz.","foto_date":"2009-07-07","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"3","photographer_name":"Dirk Sonnenwald","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18213429\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18213429\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n13\/13549\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18213429\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18213429\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643738855,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18213429. Aufnahme durch Dirk Sonnenwald.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18213429. Photographs by Dirk Sonnenwald."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"6","subdivision_name_de":"Griechen, R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Greek, Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"C. H. V. Sutherland, The Cistophori of Augustus (1970) 41 Nr. 29 a (dieses St\u00fcck); BMCRE I 112 Nr. 691-693; RIC I\u00b2 Nr. 476 (Ephesos, 28 v. Chr.); RPC I Nr. 2203,3 (dieses St\u00fcck, Ephesos, 28 v. Chr.); BNat I\u00b3 Nr. 908-910 (dito). - Zum Gegenstempel vgl. C. J. Howgego, Greek Imperial Countermarks (1985) Nr. 840.","comment":"Auf der Vorderseite ein Gegenstempel. \u00dcberpr\u00e4gt.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","name_en":"Roman Imperiod period","description_de":"Die Zeit zwischen dem Ende des Hellenismus mit der Eroberung \u00c4gyptens durch Rom im Jahre 30 v. und dem Regierungsantritt des Diocletianus 284 n. Chr.","description_en":"The period between the end of Hellenism in 30 BC (conquest of Alexandria) and the accession of Diocletianus in AD 284.","concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/4"},"year_start":"-28","year_end":"-28","date_verbal":"28 v. 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Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"38","keyword_de":"St\u00e4dte","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4056723-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"51","keyword_de":"Tiere","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4185464-0","keyword_concept_uri":""}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"14","timeline_item":"Augustus","description":"Als Gaius Iulius Caesar, der Octavianus genannte Adoptivsohn Caesars, 31 bzw. 30 v. Chr. erst bei Actium und anschlie\u00dfend in Alexandria aus den B\u00fcrgerkriegen der sp\u00e4ten Republik als Sieger hervorging und die alleinige Macht im R\u00f6mischen Reich errungen hatte, ordnete er das r\u00f6mische M\u00fcnzwesen neu. Goldm\u00fcnzen, zuvor nur in Krisensituationen verwendet, wurden zum festen Bestandteil der nunmehr trimetallischen W\u00e4hrung (Gold, Silber, Bronze). Das neue Herrschaftssystem erforderte neue Bilder, mit denen sich der Herrscher pr\u00e4sentierte. Einen weiteren Einschnitt bildete die Ernennung des Prinzeps zum \u201aAugustus\u2019, was \u201eder Erhabene\u201c bedeutet. Bis zu seinem Tod im Jahre 14 n. Chr. blieben ihm 41 Jahre, um das neue Herrschaftssystem zu etablieren. 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