{"ikmk_mds_id":"18217723","ikmk_id":"18578","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"B\u00f6hmen: Emma","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18217723","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18217723","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Kluge, Bernd"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1304","nominal_de":"Denar (MA)","nominal_en":"Denarius (MA)","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/medieval_denarius","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4174023-3","info_de":"","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1304"},"date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"30","coin_status_name_de":"Herzogtum","coin_status_name_en":"Dukedom","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/duke","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/30"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"20","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/20","country_name_de":"Tschechische Republik","country_name_en":"Czech Republic","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3077311","ikmk_region_id":"107","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/107","region_name":"B\u00f6hmen","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3339576","ikmk_mint_id":"1499","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/1499","mint_name":"M\u011blnik","mint_name_de":"M\u011blnik","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3070862"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"22 mm","die_axis":"11 h","weight":"1.36 g","accession":"1892 Dannenberg","access_year":"1892","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"+ ENMA + REGINA","image_description":"Brustbild der Emma mit Diadem nach rechts, davor ein Kreuz.","foto_date":"2005-06-19","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18217723\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18217723\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n18\/18578\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18217723\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18217723\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643739482,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18217723. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18217723. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"r\u00fcckl\u00e4ufig, Buchstaben teilweise kopfstehend","leg_text":"+ CIVITAS + MELNIK","image_description":"Hand, links A, rechts W.","foto_date":"2005-06-12","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18217723\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18217723\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n18\/18578\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18217723\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18217723\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643739481,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18217723. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18217723. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"19","subdivision_name_de":"Hochmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"High Middle Ages"},"literatur":"E. Fiala, \u010cesk\u00e9 den\u00e1ry (1895) Nr. 283; F. Cach, Nejstar\u0161i \u010cesk\u00e9 mince I (1970) Nr. 145; B. Kluge, Numismatik des Mittelalters (2007) Nr. 1310 (dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"Emma war die Gemahlin Herzog Boleslav II. von B\u00f6hmen, ging nach dessen Tod 1002 ins Exil nach Regensburg und kehrte 1004 nach B\u00f6hmen zur\u00fcck, wo sie bis zu ihrem Tode 1006 auf ihrem Witwensitz Melnik lebte. Auf den M\u00fcnzen wird sie K\u00f6nigin genannt, obwohl sie diesen Titel nie besa\u00df. Das M\u00fcnzbildnis ist einem ab 985 gem\u00fcnzten Typ K\u00f6nig Ethelreds II. von England nachempfunden, als M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte ist ihr Witwensitz Melnik genannt. Ob die M\u00fcnzen schon zu Lebzeiten Boleslav II. oder erst im Zeitraum 1004-1006 gepr\u00e4gt wurden (was historisch einleuchtender w\u00e4re), ist ebenso umstritten wie die Herkunft Emmas, die eine Prinzessin aus Burgund, England oder Frankreich gewesen sein k\u00f6nnte.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"14","name_de":"Hochmittelalter","name_en":"High Middle Ages","description_de":"Bezeichnung der Epoche zwischen 900 (teilweise auch 1000) und der Mitte des 13. 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Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503822-5","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"2","keyword_de":"Mittelalter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4129108-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"20","keyword_de":"Osteuropa","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4075739-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/4003756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"34","keyword_de":"Weltliche F\u00fcrsten","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4166473-5","keyword_concept_uri":""}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"124","timeline_item":"Frauen im Mittelalter","description":"Auch im Mittelalter spielten Frauen eine wichtige Rolle. Als Gemahlinnen, M\u00fctter und T\u00f6chter von Herrschern haben sie bedeutenden Einflu\u00df auf politische Entscheidungen genommen und erscheinen dabei gelegentlich als Regentinnen, h\u00e4ufiger als \u00c4btissinnen, auf M\u00fcnzen.","year_from":"500","year_until":"1500","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"117","timeline_item":"Europa um 1000","description":"In Norwegen, Schweden und D\u00e4nemark beginnt um 1000 eine M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung nach angels\u00e4chsischem Vorbild. Die \u00e4ltesten b\u00f6hmischen M\u00fcnzen setzen um etwa 970 ein. Neben bayerischen werden angels\u00e4chsische Vorbilder benutzt, bevor im ersten Jahrzehnt des 11. Jhs. ein \u201enationaler\u201c Stil gefunden wurde. Um 1050 wurde mit einer M\u00fcnzreform Gewicht und Durchmesser der Pfennige verringert. Die \u00e4ltesten polnischen M\u00fcnzen sind unter Boleslav Chrobry nach der Jahrtausendwende entstanden, etwa zeitgleich wie die \u00e4ltesten ungarischen M\u00fcnzen unter Stephan dem Heiligen (997-1038). In Russland sind im zweiten Jahrzehnt des 11. Jhs. unter Wladimir I. von Kiew (988-1015) die ersten byzantinisch inspirierten einheimischen Pr\u00e4gungen in Gold und Silber entstanden.","year_from":"950","year_until":"1050","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}