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Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18218875. Aufnahme durch Reinhard Saczewski.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18218875. 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Aufnahme durch Reinhard Saczewski.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18218875. Photographs by Reinhard Saczewski."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"27","subdivision_name_de":"Sp\u00e4tmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"Late Middle Ages"},"literatur":"H. Kowalski, Die Augustalen Kaiser Friedrichs II., SNR 55, 1976, 130 Nr. 11 (Stempel U12\/A40); P. Grierson - L. Travaini, Medieval European Coinage XIV (1998) Nr. 515; E. Biaggi, Monete e zecche medievali Italiane dal sec. VIII al sec. XV, (1992) Nr. 440; A. Varesi, Monete Italiane Regionali: Sicilia (2001) Nr. 59; B. Kluge, Numismatik des Mittelalters (2007) Nr. 829 b; Kat. Staufer (2010) 55 Nr. 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Der pl\u00f6tzliche Tod Heinrichs VI. st\u00fcrzte Deutschland und Italien in den staufisch-welfischen Thronstreit, aus dem am Ende sein Enkel Friedrich II. (1197-1250) siegreich hervorging. Mit gro\u00dfen Zugest\u00e4ndnissen, darunter die praktische Anerkennung der Landeshoheit und des M\u00fcnzrechts, sicherte er sich die Unterst\u00fctzung der F\u00fcrsten.  Seit staufischer Zeit ist die M\u00fcnzgeschichte in Deutschland die M\u00fcnzgeschichte seiner Territorien.","year_from":"1138","year_until":"1258","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"115","timeline_item":"Italien im Sp\u00e4tmittelalter","description":"Ende des 12. und in der ersten H\u00e4lfte des 13. Jh. entstanden deshalb in Venedig sowie den St\u00e4dten der Lombardei (Reichsitalien) und der Toskana gr\u00f6\u00dfere und schwerere Silberm\u00fcnzen (Grossi), die zwischen 12 und 24 Pfennige in einer einzigen M\u00fcnze ersetzten. 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