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Brandenburgische Taler sind deshalb relativ selten. Zum Talergeld geh\u00f6ren auch die Halb- und Vierteltaler, die im gleichen Fu\u00df wie die ganzen Taler hergestellt wurden. Als der Silberpreis im 17. Jh. stark anzog, die Taler aber weiterhin nach den Vorschriften der Reichsm\u00fcnzordnung des 16. Jh. hergestellt werden mussten, diente die verlustbringende Talerpr\u00e4gung in der Regel nur noch der Repr\u00e4sentation, besonderen Anl\u00e4ssen oder dem internationalen Handel. Zur Silberkurantm\u00fcnze des Landes wurde der nach einem geringeren Fu\u00df gem\u00fcnzte Zweidritteltaler (Gulden). Die ersten brandenburgischen Taler sind als Guldengroschen 1521\/22 durch Kurf\u00fcrst Joachim I., die letzten sind im 19 Jh. gem\u00fcnzt worden. 1750 ist mit dem (preu\u00dfischen) Reichstaler eine neue Grundlage f\u00fcr die Talerpr\u00e4gung geschaffen worden.","year_from":"1521","year_until":"1822","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"58","timeline_item":"Europa. Silberm\u00fcnzen 17. und 18. Jh.","description":"Die spanischen Silberimporte hatten gegen Ende des 16. Jh. den h\u00f6chsten Stand erreicht. Sie gingen danach bei gleichzeitiger Stagnation der europ\u00e4ischen Vorkommen zur\u00fcck. Der Silberbedarf f\u00fchrte zu Beginn des Drei\u00dfigj\u00e4hrigen Krieges zur Verschlechterung des inneren Wertes der M\u00fcnzen und damit zur bisher gr\u00f6\u00dften Inflation der sog. Kipper-und Wipperzeit 1619-1622. Die Verschiebung der politischen und wirtschaftlichen Kr\u00e4fte Europas dr\u00fcckte sich in der stabilen englischen Crown aus. Die Silberkrone kann mit den Talern des Festlandes verglichen werden. In Frankreich dominierte seit Ludwig XIV. der Ecu. Im Osten Europas setzte der seit 1704 unter Peter I. emittierte Rubel durch das Dezimalsystem (Rubel zu 100 Kopeken) gegen\u00fcber dem \u00fcblichen Duodezimalsystem (Taler zu 24 Groschen \u00e0 12 Pfennige) f\u00fcr die Zukunft Ma\u00dfst\u00e4be.","year_from":"1601","year_until":"1800","autor":"Steguweit, Wolfgang"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"145","timeline_item":"K\u00f6nig Friedrich II. der Gro\u00dfe von Preu\u00dfen","description":"Nicht nur wegen der territorialen Erweiterung Preu\u00dfens und der langen Regierungszeit hat Friedrich II. (1740-1786) das gr\u00f6\u00dfte numismatische Erbe Preu\u00dfens hinterlassen. Er ist auch m\u00fcnzgeschichtlich der bedeutendste der preu\u00dfischen K\u00f6nige. Im Jahre 1750 wurde durch den von ihm berufenen Generalm\u00fcnzdirektor Johann Philipp Grauman (Graumann) eine durchgreifende Neuordnung des M\u00fcnzwesens vorgenommen. Die Basis bildete nunmehr ein 14-Talerfu\u00df, d. h. aus der Mark Silber zu 233,86 g sollten 14 Taler gepr\u00e4gt werden. In der Hoffnung, dass der neue Taler sich auch au\u00dferhalb Preu\u00dfens durchsetzen w\u00fcrde, ist vollmundig die Bezeichnung 'Reichstaler' gew\u00e4hlt worden. Mit der Einf\u00fchrung des neuen M\u00fcnzfu\u00dfes war zugleich eine Reorganisation der preu\u00dfischen M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tten verbunden, die fortan mit einem Buchstaben anstelle der M\u00fcnzmeisterinitialen auf den M\u00fcnzen signierten. In der Reihenfolge ihrer Reorganisation erhielten die preu\u00dfischen M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tten die Buchstaben: A Berlin, B Breslau, C Cleve, D Aurich, E K\u00f6nigsberg, F Magdeburg, G Stettin. 1764 ist der sog. 'Graumansche M\u00fcnzfu\u00df' verbessert worden und galt nun f\u00fcr alle Silberm\u00fcnzen vom Taler bis zum Doppelgroschen. In allen M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tten wurden die M\u00fcnzen nach einem einheitlichem Bildtyp gepr\u00e4gt. Die Scheidem\u00fcnzen blieben den Erfordernissen der einzelnen Provinzen angepasst. Zu Exportzwecken und f\u00fcr den Fernhandel sind sog. 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