{"ikmk_mds_id":"18236702","ikmk_id":"38141","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Augustus","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18236702","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18236702","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"K\u00fcter, Alexa"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"821","nominal_de":"Dupondius","nominal_en":"Dupondius","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/dupondius","nominal_gnd_id":"","info_de":"R\u00f6mische Bronzem\u00fcnze im Wert von zwei Assen, also ein halber Sesterz. Seit Augustus wie sein Doppelst\u00fcck und im Gegensatz zu As, Semis und Quadrans in Messing ('Orichalcum') gepr\u00e4gt.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/821"},"date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"71","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/71","country_name_de":"Spanien","country_name_en":"Spain","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/spain","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2510769","ikmk_region_id":"365","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/365","region_name":"Hispania","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/hispania","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"1951","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/1951","mint_name":"Lucus Augusti (Lugo)?","mint_name_de":"Lucus Augusti (Lugo)?","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/lucus_augusti","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3117814"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"2","material_name_de":"Bronze","material_name_en":"Bronze","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ae","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/2"},"diameter":"30 mm","die_axis":"8 h","weight":"17.29 g","accession":"1873 Fox","access_year":"1873","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"[IMP] AVG DIVI F","image_description":"Kopf des Augustus nach l. Vor ihm ein Palmzweig, hinter ihm ein Heroldstab (caduceus).","foto_date":"2013-05-21","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18236702\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18236702\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n38\/38141\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18236702\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18236702\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643729342,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18236702. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18236702. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"","image_description":"Auf einem iberischen Rundschild (caetra) zwei parallel gelegte Speere. L. und r. davon Dolch (pugio) und iberisches Schwert (falcata).","foto_date":"2013-05-21","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18236702\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18236702\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n38\/38141\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18236702\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18236702\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643729342,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18236702. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18236702. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"6","subdivision_name_de":"Griechen, R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Greek, Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"RPC I Nr. 2,7 (dieses St\u00fcck). Siehe auch RPC I Suppl. 1 Nr. 2.","comment":"Die Zuschreibung dieser M\u00fcnze an das sp\u00e4tere Lucus Augusti (Lugo, Galizien) gr\u00fcndet sich auf das massenhafte Auftreten von Fundm\u00fcnzen im Nordosten der Hispania, aber insbesondere im heutigen Lugo, sowie dem Fund zweier Schr\u00f6tlinge, welche nahelegen, dass in Lucus Augusti eine Pr\u00e4gest\u00e4tte existierte. Mit dem R\u00fcckseitenmotiv des iberischen Schildes wurden Sesterze, Dupondien und Asses gepr\u00e4gt. Die Pr\u00e4gungen tragen - ausnahmsweise - kein Toponym. Sie wurden vermutlich speziell zur Geldversorgung der r\u00f6mischen Legionen w\u00e4hrend des Kantabrischen Krieges gepr\u00e4gt und waren in augusteischer Zeit die in diesem Gebiet am st\u00e4rksten vertretene M\u00fcnze. Sie sind nicht unbedingt als provinziale Pr\u00e4gungen anzusehen, sondern d\u00fcrfen, da sie eine \u00e4hnliche Funktion besa\u00dfen wie die Bronzen aus Nemausus und Lugdunum, mit einiger Berechtigung als Reichspr\u00e4gungen bezeichnet werden. Ikonographisch eng mit diesen Aespr\u00e4gungen verbunden ist der augusteische Denar RIC I\u00b2 Nr. 543, der ebenfalls eine Caetra zeigt. Vgl. zum Pr\u00e4geort: S. Ferrer, El posible origen campamental de Lucus Augusti a la luz de las monedas de la caetra y su problem\u00e1tica, in: A. Rodr\u00edguez Comenero (Hrsg.), Lucus Augusti I. El amanecer de una ciudad (1996) 425-446; RPC I Supplement 1 (1998) 7 ['uncertain mint (NW)']; M. P. Garc\u00eda-Bellido, Las legiones hisp\u00e1nicas en Germania. Moneda y ejercito (2004) 70 ff. Zur Ikonographie: E. Polito, Augustan triumphal iconography and the Cantabrian Wars: Some remarks on round shields and spearheads depicted on monuments from the Iberian Peninsula and Italy, Archivo Espa\u00f1ol de Arqueolog\u00eda, 2012, 141-148.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","name_en":"Roman Imperiod period","description_de":"Die Zeit zwischen dem Ende des Hellenismus mit der Eroberung \u00c4gyptens durch Rom im Jahre 30 v. und dem Regierungsantritt des Diocletianus 284 n. Chr.","description_en":"The period between the end of Hellenism in 30 BC (conquest of Alexandria) and the accession of Diocletianus in AD 284.","concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/4"},"year_start":"-27","year_end":"-26","date_verbal":"um 27-26 v. 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Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"24","keyword_de":"Spanien und Portugal","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4047912-2","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/7016676"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"14","timeline_item":"Augustus","description":"Als Gaius Iulius Caesar, der Octavianus genannte Adoptivsohn Caesars, 31 bzw. 30 v. Chr. erst bei Actium und anschlie\u00dfend in Alexandria aus den B\u00fcrgerkriegen der sp\u00e4ten Republik als Sieger hervorging und die alleinige Macht im R\u00f6mischen Reich errungen hatte, ordnete er das r\u00f6mische M\u00fcnzwesen neu. Goldm\u00fcnzen, zuvor nur in Krisensituationen verwendet, wurden zum festen Bestandteil der nunmehr trimetallischen W\u00e4hrung (Gold, Silber, Bronze). Das neue Herrschaftssystem erforderte neue Bilder, mit denen sich der Herrscher pr\u00e4sentierte. Einen weiteren Einschnitt bildete die Ernennung des Prinzeps zum \u201aAugustus\u2019, was \u201eder Erhabene\u201c bedeutet. Bis zu seinem Tod im Jahre 14 n. Chr. blieben ihm 41 Jahre, um das neue Herrschaftssystem zu etablieren. Gerade zu Beginn des neuen Herrschaftssystems, des Prinzipates, findet sich noch eine Vielzahl von ikonographischen Versuchen, die reizvolle und zum Teil schwer zu interpretierende Zeugnisse einer \u00dcbergangszeit sind.","year_from":"-30","year_until":"14","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}