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Eigentlich \u201eEiner\u201c bzw. \u201eEinheit\u201c. Bezeichnet im Gewichtssystem des Geldes der r\u00f6mischen Republik das in zw\u00f6lf Unzen (unciae) unterteilte Pfund (libra), mit wechselnden sinkenden Standards (vom obengenannten libralen zum semilibralen, sextanalen und schlie\u00dflich unzialen). Zun\u00e4chst gegossen als Teil des Aes grave, seit dem Ende des 3. Jhs. v. Chr. gepr\u00e4gt. Auch die entsprechende Einheit unteritalischen Schwergeldes wurde als As bezeichnet. Mit der Einf\u00fchrung des Denares (s. dort) kamen erst zehn, dann 16 Asses auf einen solchen. Augustus lie\u00df den As ebenfalls als Kupferm\u00fcnze weiterpr\u00e4gen, lediglich Nero gab ihn kurzfristig in Messing aus. Im Verlauf des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. werden Asses immer seltener gepr\u00e4gt und erscheinen zuletzt unter Aurelianus (reg. 270-275 n. 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Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18237201. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18237201. 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Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18237201. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18237201. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"5","subdivision_name_de":"Griechen, Hellenismus","subdivision_name_en":"Greek, Hellenism"},"literatur":"RPC I Nr. 263,11 (dieses St\u00fcck, 44-36 v. Chr.?).","comment":"Die iberische Stadt Kelse wurde unter Lepidus gegen 48\/47 v. Chr. zur Colonia Victrix Iulia Lepida erhoben, signierte jedoch nach dessen Fall ab 36 v. Chr. wieder mit dem alten, nun latinisierten Namen Celsa. In sp\u00e4trepublikanischer Zeit wurden in der lokalen M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte Lepida gro\u00dfe Geldmengen zur Truppenversorgung gepr\u00e4gt. Die Motive orientieren sich an der r\u00f6mischen Denarpr\u00e4gung. - Die j\u00fcngere numismatische, spanischsprachige Forschung um M. P. Garc\u00eda-Bellido sieht in Celsa den Ort, in welchem ab ca. 19 v. Chr. jene kaiserlichen Gold- und Silberemissionen hergestellt wurden, die gemeinhin Caesaraugusta zugeschrieben werden (RIC I\u00b2 Nr. 26-49). Die Argumentation basiert auf der Annahme, dass Caesaraugusta erst gegen 15 v. Chr. gegr\u00fcndet worden ist [A. Dom\u00ednguez Arranz - A. Aguilera Hern\u00e1ndez, Caesar Augusta a la luz de los \u00faltimos descubrimientos. Consideraciones en torno al \u00e1ureo de Mars Ultor, in: A. Ar\u00e9valo Gonz\u00e1lez (Hrsg.), XIII Congreso Nacional de Numism\u00e1tica (C\u00e1diz, 22-24 octubre de 2007) (2008) 455-472] und beruft sich zudem auf die lange Pr\u00e4getradition Celsas unter r\u00f6mischem Einfluss seit Pompeius [M. P. Garc\u00eda-Bellido, Las legiones hisp\u00e1nicas en Germania. Moneda y ej\u00e9rcito (2004) 82 ff.]. Die Verortung der Reichspr\u00e4gungen in Celsa wird jedoch nicht ohne Widerspruch aufgenommen: P. P. Ripoll\u00e8s, Las acu\u00f1aciones provinciales romanas de Hispania (2010) 182.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"3","name_de":"Hellenismus","name_en":"Hellenism","description_de":"Bezeichnet die Epoche und Stilperiode zwischen dem Tod Alexanders des Gro\u00dfen und Schlacht bei Actium (31 v. Chr.) bzw. der Eroberung Alexandrias durch Rom im Jahr darauf, also die Zeit von ungef\u00e4hr 323 bis 30 v. 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