{"ikmk_mds_id":"18238909","ikmk_id":"40452","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Ungarn: Bela IV.","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18238909","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18238909","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Kluge, Bernd; Schauer, Burkhard"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1304","nominal_de":"Denar (MA)","nominal_en":"Denarius (MA)","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/medieval_denarius","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4174023-3","info_de":"","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1304"},"patronage":"Numismatische Gesellschaft zu Berlin","date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"36","coin_status_name_de":"K\u00f6nigtum (MA\/NZ)","coin_status_name_en":"Kingdom (medieval\/modern)","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/king","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/36"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"69","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/69","country_name_de":"Ungarn","country_name_en":"Hungary","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/719819","ikmk_mint_id":"1317","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/1317","mint_name":"Esztergom (Gran)","mint_name_de":"Esztergom (Gran)","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3053163"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"16 mm","weight":"0.97 g","accession":"1902\/765","access_year":"1902","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"VNGA-RIE","image_description":"Thronender K\u00f6nig Bela IV.","foto_date":"2006-10-24","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18238909\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18238909\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n40\/40452\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18238909\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18238909\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643735402,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18238909. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18238909. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"+ REX BELA QVARTVS","image_description":"Agnus Dei mit Kreuz nach links.","foto_date":"2006-10-24","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18238909\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18238909\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n40\/40452\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18238909\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18238909\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643735402,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18238909. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18238909. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"27","subdivision_name_de":"Sp\u00e4tmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"Late Middle Ages"},"literatur":"L. R\u00e9thy - G. Probszt, Corpus Nummorum Hungariae (1958) Nr. 229; L. Huszar, M\u00fcnzkatalog Ungarn von 1000 bis heute (1979) Nr. 294; M. Gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6ssy - H. Winter, M\u00fcnzen und Medaillen des ungarischen Mittelalters 1000-1526 (2007) Nr. 433: B. Kluge, Numismatik des Mittelalters (2007) Nr. 1357 (dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"Nach Gy\u00f6ngy\u00f6ssy (2007) 64 ist auch eine unbekannte M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte in der Di\u00f6zese Tschanad (ungarisch Csan\u00e1d) denkbar.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"17","name_de":"Sp\u00e4tmittelalter","name_en":"Late Middle Ages","description_de":"Bezeichnung f\u00fcr die Epoche von der Mitte des 13. 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(1235-1270), K\u00f6nig von Ungarn, als B\u00e9la III. K\u00f6nig von Kroatien","vitalDates":"1206-03.05.1270","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"B\u00e9la IV (1235-1270), king of Hungary, as B\u00e9la III king of Croatia","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/137409265":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/137409265","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/261238972":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/261238972","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q152370":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q152370","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/4832":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/4832"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"50","keyword_de":"Christliche Ikonographie","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7502667-3","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"44","keyword_de":"Herrscherrepr\u00e4sentation","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"33","keyword_de":"K\u00f6nige (MA&NZ)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4031516-2","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"2","keyword_de":"Mittelalter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4129108-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"20","keyword_de":"Osteuropa","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4075739-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/4003756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"10","keyword_de":"Sp\u00e4tmittelalter, 13.-15. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503823-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300111307"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"51","keyword_de":"Tiere","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4185464-0","keyword_concept_uri":""}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"89","timeline_item":"Pfennig, Sterling, Groschen","description":"Vom 8. bis zum 12. Jh. gab es in Europa nur einen einzigen M\u00fcnzwert, den Pfennig (lat. Denar), der sich von etwa 1,7 g Gewicht im 8. Jh. auf teilweise weniger als 0,5 g im 12. Jh. verringert hatte. Mit dem 1180 in England eingef\u00fchrten Sterling existierte eine schwere Pfennigm\u00fcnze, die andernorts in Europa vier und mehr Pfennige wert war. Die dadurch eingeleitete Differenzierung des Pfenniggeldes f\u00fchrte um 1200 in Italien, wo die Pfennige besonders geringwertig waren, zur Ausgabe von h\u00f6herwertigen Silberm\u00fcnzen, f\u00fcr die sich wegen ihrer Gr\u00f6\u00dfe und Dicke allgemein und unah\u00e4ngig vom konkreten Wert die Bezeichnung grossus (Groschen) einb\u00fcrgerte. Groschengeld unterschiedlichster Art und Benennung ist im Sp\u00e4tmittelalter fast \u00fcberall in Europa gem\u00fcnzt worden, wobei eine Groschenm\u00fcnze in der Regel mindestens vier, selten mehr als 12 Pfennige galt.","year_from":"1200","year_until":"1500","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"93","timeline_item":"Osteuropa im Sp\u00e4tmittelalter","description":"Die um 1320 nach Florentiner Vorbild beginnenden b\u00f6hmischen Goldgulden geh\u00f6ren zu den fr\u00fchesten Goldpr\u00e4gungen n\u00f6rdlich der Alpen. Von einer gewissen Bedeutung ist die ebenfalls nach Florentiner Vorbild erfolgte Goldpr\u00e4gung in Schlesien (F\u00fcrstent\u00fcmer Liegnitz-Brieg und Schweidnitz). Die gr\u00f6\u00dfte Bedeutung f\u00fcr Europa besitzen aber die seit 1323 gepr\u00e4gten ungarischen Goldgulden. Die in B\u00f6hmen ab 1300 und bis 1526 immer im gleichen Bild gem\u00fcnzten Prager Groschen waren neben dem franz\u00f6sischen Gros tournois die wichtigste Groschenm\u00fcnze des Mittelalters. In Polen ist ab 1338 Groschengeld nach b\u00f6hmischem Vorbild eingef\u00fchrt worden. Ab 1380 beendeten die neuen Schillinge und Halbschoter die Pfennigzeit im Gebiet des Deutschen Ordens. Die M\u00fcnzen des Balkans vor der t\u00fcrkischen Eroberung sind durch byzantinische und venezianische Einfl\u00fcsse bestimmt. Russland ist im Mittelalter ohne nennenswerte eigene M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung.","year_from":"1200","year_until":"1500","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"134","timeline_item":"S\u00fcdosteuropa im Sp\u00e4tmittelalter","description":"Die M\u00fcnzen des Balkans vor der t\u00fcrkischen Eroberung sind durch byzantinische und venezianische Einfl\u00fcsse bestimmt. Russland ist im Mittelalter ohne nennenswerte eigene M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung.\r\nDie nach 1204 entstandenen Kreuzfahrerstaaten in Griechenland und der \u00c4g\u00e4is \u00fcbernahmen den Typ des franz\u00f6sischen Denier tournois. Die Groschenm\u00fcnzen in Zypern und Rhodos wie auch verschiedener kleinasiatischer Dynasten folgen dem neapolitanischen Groschentyp (Gigliato).","year_from":"1200","year_until":"1500","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}