{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_mds_id":"18255511","ikmk_id":"58024","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Syria: Pescennius Niger","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18255511","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18255511","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Qasqous, Samer, Pilekic, Marjanko"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1166","nominal_de":"Tetradrachme","nominal_en":"Tetradrachm","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/tetradrachm","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4210424-5","info_de":"Eine antike M\u00fcnze, zumeist aus Silber, im Werte von vier Drachmen.","info_en":"An ancient coin, mostly struck in silver, valued four drachms.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1166"},"date_last":"2026-04-28 15:54:13","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"75","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/75","country_name_de":"T\u00fcrkei","country_name_en":"Turkey","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/298795","ikmk_region_id":"408","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/408","region_name_de":"Syria","region_name_en":"Syria","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/syria","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"885","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/885","mint_name":"Antiocheia (Antakya)","mint_name_de":"Antiocheia (Antakya)","mint_name_en":"Antiochia (Antakya)","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/antiocheia_syria","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/323779"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"25 mm","die_axis":"6 h","weight":"12.45 g","accession":"1877\/138","access_year":"1877","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"27.01.1877","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"\u0391\u03a5\u03a4\u039f\u039a \u039a\u0391\u0399C\u0391P - \u0393 \u03a0\u0395CK\u0395 \u039d\u0399\u0393\u03a1\u03c9","image_description":"Drapierte Panzerb\u00fcste des Pescennius Niger mit Lorbeerkranz in der R\u00fcckenansicht nach r.","foto_date":"2016-04-06","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18255511\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18255511\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n58\/58024\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18255511\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18255511\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643736399,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18255511. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18255511. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"[\u03a0PONOIA] - \u0398\u0395\u03c9N","image_description":"Ein Adler mit ausgebreiteten Fl\u00fcgeln steht in der Vorderansicht mit dem Kopf nach l. Darunter ein Palmzweig.","foto_date":"2016-04-06","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18255511\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18255511\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n58\/58024\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18255511\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18255511\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643736398,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18255511. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18255511. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"6","subdivision_name_de":"Griechen, R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Greek, Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"K. Prieur, A type corpus of the Syro-Phoenician Tetradrachms and their Fractions from 57 BC to AD 253 (2000) 30 Nr. 181 (dieses St\u00fcck); K. Butcher, Coinage in Roman Syria (2004) 94 Nr. 5 Abb. 5 (dieses St\u00fcck, irrig als Bestand Paris); R. McAlee, The Coins of Roman Antioch (2007) 261 Nr. 651 (dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"R\u00fcckseite dezentriert. - Pescennius Niger (geb. zwischen 135 und 140 n. Chr.) diente unter Commodus als Befehlshaber im Milit\u00e4r. Zwischen 183 und 191 n. Chr. war er bereits einmal Suffektkonsul (d.h. nachger\u00fcckt) und seit 191 n. Chr. Provinzgouverneur in Syrien. Dort lie\u00df er sich Mitte April 193 n. Chr. zum Augustus erheben. In der Mitte des Jahres wurde er zum Staatsfeind erkl\u00e4rt und erlitt mehrere Niederlagen gegen Septimius Severus, zuletzt Anfang 194 bei Issos in Kilikien. Ende April 194 n. Chr. wurde Pescennius Niger bei Antiochia gefangen genommen und hingerichtet.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","name_en":"Roman Imperiod period","description_de":"Die Zeit zwischen dem Ende des Hellenismus mit der Eroberung \u00c4gyptens durch Rom im Jahre 30 v. und dem Regierungsantritt des Diocletianus 284 n. Chr.","description_en":"The period between the end of Hellenism in 30 BC (conquest of Alexandria) and the accession of Diocletianus in AD 284.","concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/4"},"year_start":"193","year_end":"194","date_verbal":"193-194 n. Chr.","year_islam":"0","manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"production_peculiarities":[{"ikmk_production_peculiarity_id":"10","item_de":"dezentrierte Pr\u00e4gung","item_en":"struck off centre","description_de":"Der bei der Pr\u00e4gung verwendete Schr\u00f6tling wird vom Stempelschlag nicht zentral getroffen, sondern zu einer Seite verschoben, mit dem Ergebnis, dass Teile des Stempelbildes auf der so gepr\u00e4gten M\u00fcnze oder Medaille nicht mehr sichtbar sind.","description_en":"A strike wherby the die was not placed centrally on the flan, but displaced to one side so that parts of the design are missing.","lod":["http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/off_centre","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/peculiarity_of_production\/10"]}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"1267":{"ikmk_person_id":"1267","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Pescennius Niger","vitalDates":"um 135-194 n. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Pescennius Niger","corporation":"0","lod":{"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/pescennius_niger":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/pescennius_niger","https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118790498":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118790498","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pescennius_Niger":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pescennius_Niger","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pescennius_Niger":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pescennius_Niger","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/40174483":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/40174483","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG96628":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG96628","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q201053":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q201053","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1267":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1267"}}}},"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"Autorit\u00e4t","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/57","items":{"1267":{"ikmk_person_id":"1267","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Pescennius Niger","vitalDates":"um 135-194 n. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Pescennius Niger","corporation":"0","lod":{"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/pescennius_niger":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/pescennius_niger","https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118790498":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118790498","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pescennius_Niger":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pescennius_Niger","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pescennius_Niger":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pescennius_Niger","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/40174483":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/40174483","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG96628":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG96628","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q201053":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q201053","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1267":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1267"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword_de":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"31","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzstand: Antike Herrscher","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"7","keyword_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit, 1. Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"51","keyword_de":"Tiere","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4185464-0","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"26","keyword_de":"Vorderer Orient","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068878-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300019571"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"5","timeline_item":"Griechische M\u00fcnzen in der R\u00f6mischen Kaiserzeit","description":"Als der Adoptivsohn Caesars, genannt Octavianus, im Jahre 27 v. Chr. zum Augustus erhoben wurde, merkten die griechischen Bewohner des R\u00f6mischen Reiches, dass die B\u00fcrgerkriege der sp\u00e4ten Republik vorbei waren. Das neue System des Prinzipates versprach Frieden und eindeutige Ansprechpartner in Rom, die die st\u00e4dtischen Honoratioren in das Herrschaftssystem einbanden. Die St\u00e4dte begannen wieder zu prosperieren. Die nun hergestellten st\u00e4dtischen M\u00fcnzen bestanden \u00fcberwiegend aus Bronze. Sie sind Zeugnisse des Selbstverst\u00e4ndnisses der St\u00e4dte und deren Verh\u00e4ltnis zum r\u00f6mischen Kaiserhaus. Die Vorderseiten trugen nun anstatt von G\u00f6tterbildern \u00fcberwiegend die Portr\u00e4ts von Angeh\u00f6rigen des Kaiserhauses. Auch die R\u00fcckseiten konnten in Bezug auf Rom gestaltet sein. Einen gr\u00f6\u00dferen Umfang nahmen hier jedoch Bilder in unmittelbarem Bezug auf die Stadt selbst ein. Am h\u00e4ufigsten waren Darstellungen der st\u00e4dtischen Gottheiten, ihrer Begleiter und Attribute. Die M\u00fcnzen sangen ein St\u00e4dtelob mit Strophen auf das ehrw\u00fcrdige Alter und die Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit zur griechischen Koin\u00e9. Sie zeigen die lokalen Heroen und Mythen. Der Schmuck der Stadt mit Architektur und ber\u00fchmten Skulpturen ist auf den M\u00fcnzen zu sehen. Homer, Herodot und andere Vorfahren (\u201aviri illustres\u2019) trugen zum Ruhm der Stadt bei. Mit Stolz pr\u00e4sentiert man die Festspiele und die Ehrentitel der Stadt, um die man mit anderen St\u00e4dten konkurrierte. Ab Mitte des 3. Jahrhunderts verschlechterte sich die wirtschaftliche Lage, so dass es zunehmend unattraktiv wurde, eigenes Geld zu produzieren. In der Regierungszeit des Tacitus (275\/276 n. Chr.) gaben auch die letzten Pr\u00e4georte die Herstellung st\u00e4dtischen Geldes auf. In Alexandria dagegen endet die regul\u00e4re M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung 295\/296 bzw. mit dem Usurpator Domitius Domitianus 297\/298 n. Chr.","year_from":"-27","year_until":"298","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}