{"ikmk_mds_id":"18263120","ikmk_id":"66003","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Postumus","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18263120","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18263120","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Stahlke, Frederike; Dahmen, Karsten"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"774","nominal_de":"Doppeldenar (ANT)","nominal_en":"Double Denarius","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/antoninianus","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4417146-8","info_de":"Das von Kaiser Caracalla (Alleinherrschaft 211\u2013217 n. Chr.) im Jahre 215 eingef\u00fchrte neue Silbernominal im Wert von zwei Denaren. Entspricht im Gewicht zu Anfang anderthalb alten Denaren (ungef\u00e4hr 5 g), unterliegt aber im Verlauf des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. einem zunehmenden Verlust an Gewicht und Feinheit. \u00c4u\u00dferes Kennzeichen sind der Kaiserkopf mit der Strahlenkrone bzw. die Kaiserinnenb\u00fcste auf der Mondsichel auf der Vorderseite. Kaiser Aurelianus versucht 274 n. Chr. eine Reform des zwischenzeitlich zur Kupferm\u00fcnze abgesunkenen Doppeldenares (auch Aurelianus genannt). Die dort in Erscheinung tretenden Wertkennzeichen XX I bzw. K A (20 zu 1) sind in ihrer Bedeutung noch umstritten (gleich 20 Sesterzen bzw. 5 Denare oder doch eher Hinweis auf Feingehalt (20 unedle Teile auf eines aus Silber)). Mit der M\u00fcnzreform des Diocletianus endete die Geschichte des Doppeldenares. 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Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18263120. Aufnahme durch Karsten Dahmen.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18263120. Photographs by Karsten Dahmen."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippiensium Consul zum 4. Mal","leg_text":"COL CL AGRIP COS IIII","image_description":"Aequitas steht nach l. In ihrer r. Hand h\u00e4lt sie eine Waage und in ihrem l. Arm ein F\u00fcllhorn (cornucopiae).","foto_date":"2018-04-04","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"16","photographer_name":"Karsten Dahmen","photographer_gnd":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1018908900","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/5240736"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18263120\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18263120\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n66\/66003\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18263120\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18263120\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643745069,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18263120. Aufnahme durch Karsten Dahmen.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18263120. Photographs by Karsten Dahmen."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"3","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"Friedl\u00e4nder - von Sallet 1877 Nr. 888 a (dieses St\u00fcck); J. Friedl\u00e4nder, Die Erwerbungen des K\u00f6niglichen M\u00fcnzkabinets vom Januar 1877 bis M\u00e4rz 1878, ZfN 7, 1880, 20 mit Abb. (Zeichnung, dieses St\u00fcck); G. Elmer, Die M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung der Gallischen Kaiser in K\u00f6ln, Trier und Mailand, Bonner Jahrb\u00fccher 146, 1941, 53 Nr. 584 (datiert auf 267 n. Chr.); H.-J. Schulzki, Die Antoninianpr\u00e4gung der gallischen Kaiser von Postumus bis Tetricus (1996) 47 Nr. 3,1 (dieses St\u00fcck erw\u00e4hnt, datiert 268 n. Chr., seine M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte II, s. dort auch 25 f.); RIC V-2 Nr. 286 (dort irrig Vs. mit Kopf, nicht B\u00fcste); J. Mairat, The Coinage of the Gallic Empire (2014) Nr. 478,4 (dieses St\u00fcck, K\u00f6ln, issue 1, Mitte\/Ende 268 n. Chr.); RIC V-4 Nr. 425,4 Taf. 54 (dieses St\u00fcck, K\u00f6ln, issue 1, ca. Mitte bis Ende 268 n. Chr.).","comment":"Die Aufschrift auf der M\u00fcnzr\u00fcckseite nennt den Namen der r\u00f6mischen Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippiensium, das heutige K\u00f6ln.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","name_en":"Roman Imperiod period","description_de":"Die Zeit zwischen dem Ende des Hellenismus mit der Eroberung \u00c4gyptens durch Rom im Jahre 30 v. und dem Regierungsantritt des Diocletianus 284 n. 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