{"ikmk_mds_id":"18263806","ikmk_id":"66689","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Postumus","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18263806","permalink_source":"","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18263806","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Stahlke, Frederike; Dahmen, Karsten"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"785","nominal_de":"Doppelsesterz","nominal_en":"Double Sestertius","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/double-sestertius","nominal_gnd_id":"","info_de":"Doppelst\u00fcck zum bronzenen Sesterzen.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/785"},"date_last":"2024-05-29 15:02:33","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"19","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/19","country_name_de":"Deutschland","country_name_en":"Germany","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bundesrepublik_deutschland","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2921044","ikmk_region_id":"438","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/438","region_name":"Belgica","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"270","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/270","mint_name":"Trier","mint_name_de":"Trier","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/treveri","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3247911"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"2","material_name_de":"Bronze","material_name_en":"Bronze","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ae","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/2"},"diameter":"34 mm","die_axis":"6 h","weight":"23.67 g","accession":"1884 Sandes","access_year":"1884","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"IMP C M CASS LAT POSTVMVS P F AVG","image_description":"Drapierte Panzerb\u00fcste des Postumus mit Strahlenkrone in der Brustansicht nach r.","foto_date":"2018-04-05","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"16","photographer_name":"Karsten Dahmen","photographer_gnd":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1018908900","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/5240736"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18263806\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18263806\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n66\/66689\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18263806\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18263806\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643744977,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18263806. Aufnahme durch Karsten Dahmen.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18263806. Photographs by Karsten Dahmen."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"LAETITIA \/\/ AVG","image_description":"Schiff (Galeere) mit vier Ruderern und einem Steuermann nach l.","foto_date":"2018-04-05","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"16","photographer_name":"Karsten Dahmen","photographer_gnd":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1018908900","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/5240736"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18263806\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18263806\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n66\/66689\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18263806\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18263806\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643744977,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18263806. Aufnahme durch Karsten Dahmen.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18263806. Photographs by Karsten Dahmen."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"3","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"RIC V-2 Nr. 143 (Lyon); P. Bastien, Le monnayage de bronze de Postume (1967) 217 Nr. 364 a Taf. 57 (dieses St\u00fcck, Graveur non class\u00e9); J. Mairat, The Coinage of the Gallic Empire (2014) Nr. 124,14 (dieses St\u00fcck, Trier, issue 3, Anfang\/Ende 261 n. Chr.); RIC V-4 Nr. 93,6 Taf. 15 (Trier, issue 3, phase 1, ca. Ende 260 bis Ende 261 n. Chr.).","comment":"","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","name_en":"Roman Imperiod period","description_de":"Die Zeit zwischen dem Ende des Hellenismus mit der Eroberung \u00c4gyptens durch Rom im Jahre 30 v. und dem Regierungsantritt des Diocletianus 284 n. Chr.","description_en":"The period between the end of Hellenism in 30 BC (conquest of Alexandria) and the accession of Diocletianus in AD 284.","concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/4"},"year_start":"260","year_end":"261","date_verbal":"um 260\/261 n. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":81,"souce":"RIC V-2 Postumus","number":"0143","similar":"0"},{"ikmk_referenz_id":585,"souce":"RIC V-4 Gallic Empire","number":"093,06","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"8366":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/ocre\/id\/ric.5.post.143"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"6164":{"ikmk_person_id":"6164","title_de":"Captain","first_name_de":"Charles","last_name_de":"Sandes","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Charles","last_name_en":"Sandes","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/6164":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/6164"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"0"}}},"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"1317":{"ikmk_person_id":"1317","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Postumus","vitalDates":"-269 n. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Postumus","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118595989":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118595989","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Postumus":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Postumus","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Postumus":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Postumus","https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/postumus":"https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/postumus","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/74645515":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/74645515","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140724":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140724","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q312603":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q312603","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1317":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1317"}}}},"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"Autorit\u00e4t","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/57","items":{"1317":{"ikmk_person_id":"1317","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Postumus","vitalDates":"-269 n. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Postumus","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118595989":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118595989","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Postumus":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Postumus","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Postumus":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Postumus","https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/postumus":"https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/postumus","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/74645515":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/74645515","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140724":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140724","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q312603":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q312603","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1317":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1317"}}}},"125":{"ikmk_type_id":"125","type_name_de":"Ver\u00e4u\u00dferer (an Museum)","type_name_en":"Vendor (to Museum)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4126928-7","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/125","items":{"5562":{"ikmk_person_id":"5562","title_de":null,"first_name_de":"Jean-Henri","last_name_de":"Hoffmann","vitalDates":"1823-30.04.1897","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Jean-Henri","last_name_en":"Hoffmann","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/124663257":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/124663257","https:\/\/data.bnf.fr\/fr\/16584387\/henri_hoffmann":"https:\/\/data.bnf.fr\/fr\/16584387\/henri_hoffmann","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/32936340":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/32936340","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG92604":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG92604","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q55623797":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q55623797","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5562":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5562"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword_de":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"71","keyword_de":"Bronze \/ Kupfer","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4146667-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ae"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"18","keyword_de":"Deutschland","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4011882-4","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/7000084"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"76","keyword_de":"Gegenst\u00e4nde","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4121320-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300311889"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"31","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzstand: Antike Herrscher","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"7","keyword_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit, 1. Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"45","timeline_item":"Die Krise des 3. Jahrhunderts n. Chr.","description":"Mit dem Ende der Severischen Kaiserfamilie (193\u2013235 n. Chr.) wurden zahlreiche Probleme des r\u00f6mischen Reiches offensichtlich. Barbarische St\u00e4mme bedrohten die Grenzgebiete, das dort stationierte Heer rief in schneller Folge einzelne Befehlshaber zu Kaisern aus. Die Zentrale in Rom verlor zunehmend und immer h\u00e4ufiger die Kontrolle \u00fcber einzelne Provinzen: Die Epoche der sogenannten Soldatenkaiser hatte begonnen. Diese krisenhafte Situation wurde ab der Mitte des 3. Jhs. n. Chr. besonders augenscheinlich. Valerianus I. (reg. ab 254) geriet 260 n. Chr. als erster r\u00f6mischer Kaiser in Gefangenschaft, sein Sohn Gallienus hatte mit zahlreichen Usurpatoren und Abspaltungen zu k\u00e4mpfen. In diese Zeit f\u00e4llt aber nicht nur der H\u00f6hepunkt der Geldentwertung als ein Kennzeichen der andauernden wirtschaftlichen Krise, sondern auch erste Ans\u00e4tze von Reformversuchen des Milit\u00e4rs, der Verwaltung und des Finanzwesens durch Gallienus und seine Nachfolger. Wirklicher Erfolg sollte aber erst den umfangreichen Ma\u00dfnahmen des Diocletianus (reg. 284\u2013305 n. Chr.) verg\u00f6nnt sein.","year_from":"235","year_until":"283","autor":"Dahmen, Karsten"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}