{"ikmk_mds_id":"18265543","ikmk_id":"68955","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Kyzikos","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18265543","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18265543","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Hack, David; Stolba, Vladimir"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1122","nominal_de":"Stater","nominal_en":"Stater","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/stater","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4210918-8","info_de":"W\u00f6rtlich die bzw. eine \u201eEinheit\u201c, also die Hauptw\u00e4hrungeinheit einer griechischen Stadt oder eines Staates. So ist die (silberne) Tetradrachme von Athen oder die korinthische (silberne) Tridrachme auch der jeweilige Stater innerhalb des lokalen Nominalsystems.\r\nZudem wird heute die Goldm\u00fcnze griechischer Zeit im Gewicht der Haupteinheit (also rund 8,6 g im attischen Standard) als Stater bezeichnet.\r\n\r\nLit.: F. von Schr\u00f6tter, W\u00f6rterbuch der M\u00fcnzkunde (1930) 656 f. s. v. Stater.","info_en":"Literally the resp. one unit. Hence designating the main unit within a certain currency of a Greek city or realm. The silver tetradrachm of Athens or the tridrachm of Corinth hence are also the stater within each denominational system. The main meaning though, especially in modern scholarship, is that of a denomination in gold of about 8.6 grams in the Attic standard.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1122"},"patronage":"Carl-Ludwig Thiele","date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"54","coin_status_name_de":"Stadt","coin_status_name_en":"City","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/54"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"75","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/75","country_name_de":"T\u00fcrkei","country_name_en":"Turkey","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/298795","ikmk_region_id":"398","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/398","region_name":"Mysien","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mysia","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"923","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/923","mint_name":"Kyzikos","mint_name_de":"Kyzikos","mint_name_en":"Cyzicus","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/cyzicus","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/10642748"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"6","material_name_de":"Elektron","material_name_en":"Electrum","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/el","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/6"},"diameter":"16-19 mm","weight":"16.02 g","accession":"1873 Fox","access_year":"1873","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"25.10.1873","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"","image_description":"Weiblicher Kopf mit zersaustem Haar und Efeukranz (M\u00e4nade?) nach l. Unten ein Thunfisch nach l. Doppelschlag.","foto_date":"2018-10-09","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18265543\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18265543\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n68\/68955\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18265543\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18265543\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1675161974,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18265543. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18265543. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"","image_description":"Vertieftes, viergeteiltes Quadrat (Quadratum incusum).","foto_date":"2018-10-09","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18265543\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18265543\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n68\/68955\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18265543\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18265543\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1675161974,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18265543. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18265543. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"4","subdivision_name_de":"Griechen, Archaik und Klassik","subdivision_name_en":"Greek, Archaic and Classical periods"},"literatur":"J.-P. Meynaerts, Notice sur trois distat\u00e8res de Cyzique, en Mysie, RBN 1847, 305-307 Taf. 12,2 (dieses St\u00fcck); J.-P. Meynaerts, Description de la collection de m\u00e9dailles antiques en or, grecques, romaines, byzantines et visigothes (1852) 19 Nr. 56 (dieses St\u00fcck); W. Greenwell, The Electrum Coinage of Cyzicus (1887) 67 Nr. 37 a Taf. 2,14 (dieses St\u00fcck, Dionysos oder M\u00e4nade); H. von Fritze, Die Elektronpr\u00e4gung von Kyzikos. Eine chronologische Studie, Nomisma 7, 1912, 14 Gruppe 4 Nr. 193 (weiblicher Kopf\/M\u00e4nade?, 410-334 v. Chr.); W. Fischer-Bossert, Kyzikener Falzschr\u00f6tlinge, M\u00d6NG 55, 2015, 83. 86 (dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"Vorderseite mit Doppelschlag.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"2","name_de":"Klassik","name_en":"Classical","description_de":"Der (europ\u00e4ische) Zeit- und Kunstabschnitt ungef\u00e4hr zwischen 480 und 323 v. Chr.","description_en":"Term to describe the period from c. 480 to 323 BC in Greek art.","concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020093","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/2"},"year_start":"-410","year_end":"-334","date_verbal":"ca. 410-334 v. Chr.","year_islam":"0","type_references":{"20240":"https:\/\/www.corpus-nummorum.eu\/coins\/19934"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"production_peculiarities":[{"ikmk_production_peculiarity_id":"4","item_de":"Doppelschlag","item_en":"double strike","description_de":"Eine M\u00fcnze ist zwei- oder mehrmals mit dem Pr\u00e4gestempel gepr\u00e4gt worden, wodurch ein leicht verschobenes, mehrfaches M\u00fcnzbild entstehen kann.","description_en":"Double or multiple strike during production whereby the die is displaced for the second or subsequent strike.","lod":["http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/double_strike","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/peculiarity_of_production\/4"]},{"ikmk_production_peculiarity_id":"7","item_de":"gefalteter Schr\u00f6tling","item_en":"folded flan","description_de":"Ein Schr\u00f6tling oder eine als Schr\u00f6tling wiederverwendete M\u00fcnze wird vor dem Pr\u00e4gevorgang ein- oder mehrmals gefaltet.","description_en":"A flan or coin which is folded in two or more prior to being struck on the outer faces.","lod":["http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/folded_flan","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/peculiarity_of_production\/7"]}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"2223":{"ikmk_person_id":"2223","title_de":"General","first_name_de":"Charles Richard","last_name_de":"Fox","vitalDates":"06.11.1796 - 13.04.1873","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Charles Richard","last_name_en":"Fox","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1055350071":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1055350071","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Richard_Fox":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Charles_Richard_Fox","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/46479979":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/46479979","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/AUTH224893":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/AUTH224893","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q5082014":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q5082014","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/2223":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/2223"},"year_from":"1857","year_until":"1873"},"10465":{"ikmk_person_id":"10465","title_de":null,"first_name_de":"Jean-Pierre","last_name_de":"Meynaerts","vitalDates":"22.10.1786 - 24.01.1856","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Jean-Pierre","last_name_en":"Meynaerts","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/10465":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/10465"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"1856"}}},"138":{"ikmk_type_id":"138","type_name_de":"Ver\u00e4u\u00dferer (an Vorbesitzer)","type_name_en":"Vendor (to prev. Owner)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/138","items":{"5562":{"ikmk_person_id":"5562","title_de":null,"first_name_de":"Jean-Henri","last_name_de":"Hoffmann","vitalDates":"1823-30.04.1897","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Jean-Henri","last_name_en":"Hoffmann","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/124663257":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/124663257","https:\/\/data.bnf.fr\/fr\/16584387\/henri_hoffmann":"https:\/\/data.bnf.fr\/fr\/16584387\/henri_hoffmann","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/32936340":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/32936340","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG92604":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG92604","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q55623797":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q55623797","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5562":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5562"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"72","keyword_de":"Andere Metalle und Legierungen","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword_de":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"75","keyword_de":"Fabelwesen","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4016114-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300379738"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"89","keyword_de":"Klassik","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020093"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"25","keyword_de":"Kleinasien","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4085685-9","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300387727"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"38","keyword_de":"St\u00e4dte","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4056723-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"51","keyword_de":"Tiere","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4185464-0","keyword_concept_uri":""}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"4","timeline_item":"Elektron","description":"Es war ein bewusster Entschluss, Metallst\u00fccke aus Elektron, einer Legierung aus Gold und Silber, in normierte und handliche Gr\u00f6\u00dfen zu gie\u00dfen und diese mit einer Besitzermarke zu versehen. Mit einem Bild oder einer Aufschrift b\u00fcrgte der Staat oder Herrscher f\u00fcr das Gewicht und den Feingehalt des Geldst\u00fccks. M\u00fcnzen dienten als Wertma\u00dfstab unterschiedlicher G\u00fcter und erleichterten so den Handel. Die ersten M\u00fcnzen stammen aus dem westlichen Kleinasien, vielleicht aus Sardis, der Hauptstadt des lydischen K\u00f6nigreiches. Bis heute ist umstritten, wann genau im 7. Jahrhundert v. Chr. begonnen wurde, M\u00fcnzen zu pr\u00e4gen. Bis zum Ende des 7. Jahrhunderts hatte sich das Elektrongeld bis zu den griechischen Hafenst\u00e4dten an der Mittelmeerk\u00fcste verbreitet. Durch die gro\u00dfen Handelsst\u00e4dte Milet, Ephesos und Phokaia mit ihren zahlreichen Kolonien wurde das M\u00fcnzgeld allgemein bekannt. Das Elektron mit seinen ver\u00e4nderlichen Anteilen von Gold und Silber wurde im 6. Jahrhundert zugunsten eines bimetallischen Nominalsystems aus Gold und Silber abgel\u00f6st. Von da an galt das Silber als Hauptmetall f\u00fcr M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gungen. Einige M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tten wie etwa Kyzikos hielten aber bis weit in das vierte Jahrhundert am Elektron als M\u00fcnzlegierung fest.","year_from":"-700","year_until":"-330","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}