{"ikmk_mds_id":"18277615","ikmk_id":"81786","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Umayyaden: Zeit des \u02bfAbd al-Malik","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18277615","permalink_source":"","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18277615","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Naue, Matthias"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"761","nominal_de":"Dirhem","nominal_en":"Dirham","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/dirham","nominal_gnd_id":"","info_de":"","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/761"},"sponsor":{"de":"Die Digitalisierung wurde durch die Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek im Rahmen des von der Beauftragten der Bundesregierung f\u00fcr Kultur und Medien (BKM) gef\u00f6rderten Programms NEUSTART KULTUR erm\u00f6glicht.\r\nGef\u00f6rdert von der Beauftragten der Bundesregierung f\u00fcr Kultur und Medien aufgrund eines Beschlusses des Deutschen Bundestages.","en":"Digitalization was made possible with funds provided by the Beauftragte der Bundesregierung f\u00fcr Kultur und Medien (BKM) under the NEUSTART KULTUR scheme."},"date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"36","coin_status_name_de":"K\u00f6nigtum (MA\/NZ)","coin_status_name_en":"Kingdom (medieval\/modern)","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/king","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/36"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"37","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/37","country_name_de":"Iran","country_name_en":"Iran","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/130758","ikmk_region_id":"246","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/246","region_name":"F\u0101rs","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/134766","ikmk_mint_id":"589","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/589","mint_name":"\u01e6\u016br (G\u014dr, Arda\u0161\u012br-\u1e2aurra, F\u012br\u016bz\u0101b\u0101d)","mint_name_de":"\u01e6\u016br (G\u014dr, Arda\u0161\u012br-\u1e2aurra, F\u012br\u016bz\u0101b\u0101d)","mint_name_en":"J\u016br (G\u014dr, Ardash\u012br-Khurra, F\u012br\u016bz\u0101b\u0101d)","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ardashir_khurrah","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/134518"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"31 mm","die_axis":"3 h","weight":"3.53 g","accession":"2021\/1","access_year":"1990","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"4","access_type_name":"\u00dcberweisung","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300417644","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/4"},"findspot":{"ikmk_country_id":"19","country_ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/19","country_name_de":"Deutschland","country_name_en":"Germany","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/bundesrepublik_deutschland","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2921044","ikmk_findspot_id":"3171","findspot_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/3171","findspot_name":"Ralswiek","findspot_nomisma_id":"","findspot_geonames_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2850735"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"28.12.1990","avers":{"leg_trans":"Rand rechts beginnend: im Namen Gottes (arabisch). Farru\u1e2bz\u0101d (lokaler W\u00fcrdentr\u00e4ger). Im Feld Gouverneursname (beide in Pahlavi)","leg_text":"bismill\u0101h \/ FRAWZAT \/ al-Muhallab ibn Ab\u012b \u1e62ufra","image_description":"Standardisiertes Khusro II-Profil mit Fl\u00fcgelkrone der dritten Serie nach rechts. Als Brustornament zwei Perlen. Umrandet von doppeltem, gezackten Kreis. 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Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18277615. Aufnahme durch Karsten Dahmen.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18277615. Photographs by Karsten Dahmen."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"17","subdivision_name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"Early Middle Ages"},"literatur":"J. Herrmann, Ralswiek auf R\u00fcgen Teil IV, Beitr\u00e4ge zur Ur- und Fr\u00fchgeschichte Mecklenburg-Vorpommerns 45 (2006) Nr. 128 Taf. 2 (dieses St\u00fcck); SICA I Nr. 35-39.","comment":"Gelochte M\u00fcnze mit Einhieben auf der Vorderseite. Gef\u00fcllte \u00d6se.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"11","name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","name_en":"Early Middle ages","description_de":"Bezeichnung f\u00fcr die Epoche von ungef\u00e4hr 500 bis ca. 900 (teilweise auch um 1000).","description_en":"Term to describe the period between c. 500 and c. 900 (in some regions to c. 1000).","concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503821-3","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/11"},"year_start":"695","year_end":"696","date_verbal":"695\/696","year_islam":"76","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":428,"souce":"Herrmann, Fund Ralswiek","number":"0128","similar":"0"}],"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"11725":{"ikmk_person_id":"11725","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR","corporation":"1","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/40680-6":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/40680-6","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_der_DDR":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Akademie_der_Wissenschaften_der_DDR","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Academy_of_Sciences_at_Berlin":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/German_Academy_of_Sciences_at_Berlin","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/150281852":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/150281852","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q49738":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q49738","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/corporation\/11725":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/corporation\/11725"},"year_from":"1973","year_until":"1990"}}},"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"Autorit\u00e4t","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/57","items":{"12720":{"ikmk_person_id":"12720","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"al-Muhallab ibn Ab\u012b \u1e62ufra","vitalDates":"um 632-702","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"al-Muhallab ibn Ab\u012b \u1e62ufra","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Muhallab_ibn_Abi_Sufra":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Al-Muhallab_ibn_Abi_Sufra","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q3607451":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q3607451","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/12720":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/12720"}}}},"139":{"ikmk_type_id":"139","type_name_de":"Oberherr (ISL)","type_name_en":"Overlord (ISL)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/139","items":{"598":{"ikmk_person_id":"598","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"\u02bfAbd al-Malik Ab\u016b l-Wal\u012bd ibn Marw\u0101n (65-86 AH\/685-705), Kalif","vitalDates":"646-04.10.705","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"\u02bfAbd al-Malik Ab\u016b l-Wal\u012bd ibn Marw\u0101n (65-86 AH\/685-705), caliph","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/12136903X":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/12136903X","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abd_al-Malik_(Umayyaden)":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abd_al-Malik_(Umayyaden)","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/21988514":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/21988514","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q36788":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q36788","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/598":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/598"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"27","keyword_de":"Asien (ohne Kleinasien und Vorderer Orient)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4003217-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/1000004"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"8","keyword_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter, 5.-9. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503821-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020760"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"60","keyword_de":"Gegenstempel, Erasionen u.a.","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"2","keyword_de":"Mittelalter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4129108-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"34","keyword_de":"Weltliche F\u00fcrsten","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4166473-5","keyword_concept_uri":""}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"26","timeline_item":"Die neue Weltmacht - Das arabische Kalifat","description":"Die Araber hatten zur Zeit Mohammeds noch keine eigene M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung. Im Zuge ihrer raschen Eroberung der von Byzanz bzw. den Sasaniden beherrschten Gebiete, wurden sie vor das Problem gestellt, die M\u00fcnzproduktion in einem an Geldwirtschaft gew\u00f6hnten Gebiet zu organisieren. Die ersten neu ausgegebenen M\u00fcnzen entsprachen in Material und Bild den byzantinischen und sasanidischen M\u00fcnzen und wurden nur etwas \u201earabisiert\u201c. Auf den sasanidischen Drachmen geschah dies durch Einschreiben zus\u00e4tzlicher arabischer Inschriften, im Bereich des byzantinischen Geldes wurden teils die byzantinischen Typen nachgeahmt, teils etwas freier interpretiert bis hin zur Darstellung des Kalifen. Zwischen 693 und 698 wurde unter dem Kalifen Abd-al Malik das M\u00fcnzwesen v\u00f6llig neu organisiert. An die Stelle des Solidus trat der Dinar, an die Stelle der sasanidischen Drachme trat der Dirham und in geringem Umfang Kupferm\u00fcnzen als lokale Zahlungsmittel. Alle M\u00fcnzen, bis auf geringe Ausnahmen im Kupfergeld, sind von erstaunlicher Uniformit\u00e4t, bildlos und rein epigraphisch. Die Inschriften enthalten in genau festgelegter Abfolge und Anordnung Koranspr\u00fcche sowie Angaben zur Herkunft der M\u00fcnze, darunter den Ort der Pr\u00e4gung sowie eine pr\u00e4zise Datierung nach der islamischen Zeitrechnung (A. H., Higra).","year_from":"600","year_until":"900","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"secondary_treatment":[{"ikmk_secondary_treatment_id":"1","item_de":"gelocht","item_en":"pierced","description_de":"Absichtlich angebrachtes Loch (oder mehrere) zur Befestigung an einem Geh\u00e4nge oder einer Unterlage. 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