{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_mds_id":"18290989","ikmk_id":"95418","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Ephesos","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18290989","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18290989","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","author":"Baars, Stefanie"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"715","nominal_de":"Cistophor","nominal_en":"Cistophor","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/cistophorus","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4163972-8","info_de":"Als Cistophoren bezeichnet man eine Gruppe von Silberm\u00fcnzen im (Vergleich zur Tetradrachme reduzierten) Gewicht von 3 attischen Drachmen oder r\u00f6mischen Denaren zu etwa 12 g. Ihren Namen tragen sie nach dem Korb auf der Vorderseite, aus dem eine Schlange hervorkriecht (cista mystica). Sie wurden in Pergamon unter Eumenes II. f\u00fcr das pergamenische Reich als \u00fcberst\u00e4dtische W\u00e4hrung eingef\u00fchrt. 16 St\u00e4dte erhielten damals das Pr\u00e4gerecht f\u00fcr dieses Silbergeld. Kistophoren wurden \u00fcber das Ende des pergamenischen Reiches hinaus auch in der Provinz Asia durch die r\u00f6mischen Prokuratoren gepr\u00e4gt. Sp\u00e4ter sind auch M. Antonius, Augustus und andere r\u00f6mische Kaiser auf Cistophoren vertreten.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/715"},"date_last":"2025-11-26 10:22:06","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"54","coin_status_name_de":"Stadt","coin_status_name_en":"City","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/54"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"75","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/75","country_name_de":"T\u00fcrkei","country_name_en":"Turkey","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/298795","ikmk_region_id":"385","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/385","region_name_de":"Ionia","region_name_en":"Ionia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ionia","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"902","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/902","mint_name":"Ephesos","mint_name_de":"Ephesos","mint_name_en":"Ephesus","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ephesus","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/7522155"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"26 mm","die_axis":"12 h","weight":"12.24 g","accession":"1906 L\u00f6bbecke","access_year":"1906","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"","image_description":"Cista mystica mit halb ge\u00f6ffnetem Deckel, aus der sich eine Schlange herauswindet. Gerahmt von Efeukranz.","foto_date":"2017-06-19","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"14","photographer_name":"Bernhard Weisser","photographer_gnd":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/123429587","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/35363885"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18290989\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18290989\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n95\/95418\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18290989\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18290989\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1650461999,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18290989. Aufnahme durch Bernhard Weisser.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18290989. Photographs by Bernhard Weisser."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"[T] - A-MP[I T F] \/ PRO - COS \/\/ \u0395\u03a1\u039c\u0399\u0391C \/ \u039a\u0391\u0399\u03a5C\u03a4\u03a1\u0399\u039fC","image_description":"Zwei sich aufrichtende Schlangen, zwischen ihnen ein Dreifu\u00df. Im l. F. au\u00dfen E\u03a6E, dar\u00fcber die Jahresangabe O\u0396 (= Jahr 77), im r. F. au\u00dfen eine brennende Fackel. Oben, zwischen den Schlangenk\u00f6pfen, steht Apollon, an eine S\u00e4ule gelehnt, nach l. In der r. Hand h\u00e4lt er einen Lorbeerzweig.","foto_date":"2017-06-19","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"14","photographer_name":"Bernhard Weisser","photographer_gnd":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/123429587","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/35363885"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18290989\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18290989\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/data\/www\/001-ikmk\/mk-edit\/images\/n95\/95418\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18290989\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18290989\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1650461999,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18290989. Aufnahme durch Bernhard Weisser.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18290989. Photographs by Bernhard Weisser."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"5","subdivision_name_de":"Griechen, Hellenismus","subdivision_name_en":"Greek, Hellenism"},"literatur":"A. L\u00f6bbecke, Griechische M\u00fcnzen aus meiner Sammlung, ZfN 10, 1883, 77 Nr. 27 (dieses St\u00fcck); G. R. Stumpf, Numismatische Studien zur Chronologie der r\u00f6mischen Statthalter in Kleinasien, 122 v. Chr.-163 n. Chr. (1991) 19 Nr. 11 b (dieses St\u00fcck, 57 v. Chr.); W. E. Metcalf, The Later Republican Cistophori (2017) 13 Nr. 17 Taf. 3 (dieses St\u00fcck, 58\/57 v. Chr.).","comment":"Schr\u00f6tlingsriss auf der R\u00fcckseite bei 5 h.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"3","name_de":"Hellenismus","name_en":"Hellenism","description_de":"Bezeichnet die Epoche und Stilperiode zwischen dem Tod Alexanders des Gro\u00dfen und Schlacht bei Actium (31 v. Chr.) bzw. der Eroberung Alexandrias durch Rom im Jahr darauf, also die Zeit von ungef\u00e4hr 323 bis 30 v. Chr.","description_en":"Term to describe the period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the battle of Actium in 31 BC resp. the conquest of Alexandria in the following year, hence the period from c. 323 to 30 BC.","concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/3"},"year_start":"-58","year_end":"-57","date_verbal":"58\/57 v. Chr.","year_islam":"0","type_references":{"26305":"https:\/\/greekcoinage.org\/iris\/id\/ephesus_metcalf_2017_v"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"production_peculiarities":[{"ikmk_production_peculiarity_id":"3","item_de":"Schr\u00f6tlingsriss","item_en":"cracked flan","description_de":"Ein oder mehrere Risse bzw. Br\u00fcche im Schr\u00f6tling, die aufgrund des Pr\u00e4gevorganges entstanden sind.","description_en":"Flan that has cracked and been partially split as a result of the striking process.","lod":["http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/cracked_flan","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/peculiarity_of_production\/3"]}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"5966":{"ikmk_person_id":"5966","title_de":null,"first_name_de":"Arthur","last_name_de":"L\u00f6bbecke","vitalDates":"25.10.1850 - 17.04.1932","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Arthur","last_name_en":"L\u00f6bbecke","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/127859578":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/127859578","https:\/\/numismates.huma-num.fr\/wiki\/L%C3%B6bbecke_Arthur":"https:\/\/numismates.huma-num.fr\/wiki\/L%C3%B6bbecke_Arthur","https:\/\/term.museum-digital.de\/md-de\/persinst\/62682":"https:\/\/term.museum-digital.de\/md-de\/persinst\/62682","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/77349448":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/77349448","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG111356":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG111356","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q94920789":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q94920789","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5966":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5966"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"1906"}}},"58":{"ikmk_type_id":"58","type_name_de":"Magistrat (Ant)","type_name_en":"Magistrate (Ant)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4168515-5","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/58","items":{"13227":{"ikmk_person_id":"13227","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Hermias","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Hermias","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/13227":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/13227"}},"13228":{"ikmk_person_id":"13228","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Kaiustrios","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Kaiustrios","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/13228":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/13228"}}}},"72":{"ikmk_type_id":"72","type_name_de":"Proconsul","type_name_en":"Proconsul","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4175905-9","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/72","items":{"11154":{"ikmk_person_id":"11154","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"T. Ampius T. f. Balbus","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"T. Ampius T. f. Balbus","corporation":"0","lod":{"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/t_ambius_balbus_asia":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/t_ambius_balbus_asia","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/11154":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/11154"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword_de":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"76","keyword_de":"Gegenst\u00e4nde","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4121320-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300311889"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"5","keyword_de":"Hellenismus, 4.-1. Jh. v. Chr.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020101"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"25","keyword_de":"Kleinasien","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4085685-9","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300387727"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"67","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzmeister\/-beamte","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300205361"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"38","keyword_de":"St\u00e4dte","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4056723-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"51","keyword_de":"Tiere","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4185464-0","keyword_concept_uri":""}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"44","timeline_item":"Das Geld im Hellenismus - Gold und Silber","description":"In der Nachfolge des Alexanderreiches entstanden zahlreiche Herrschaften und K\u00f6nigreiche, die ebenso wie einzelne St\u00e4dte der fortschreitenden Monetarisierung der Gesellschaft durch die Ausgabe eines eigenen M\u00fcnzgeldes Rechnung trugen oder aber eigene Traditionen der Geldwirtschaft fortsetzten. Die gro\u00dfen Reiche der Antigoniden, Seleukiden und Ptolem\u00e4er sowie Mittelm\u00e4chte wie z. B. Pergamon, Bithynien, Pontos oder Kappadokien zeigen dabei beispielhaft die M\u00f6glichkeiten des M\u00fcnzwesens auf. Generell gilt aber, da\u00df nun das Portr\u00e4t des herrschenden K\u00f6nigs abgebildet wird, wobei die Ptolem\u00e4er und Pergamon aber das des ersten Herrschers (Ptolemaios I. bzw. Philetairos) auch nach dessen Tod bevorzugen. Hier sind M\u00fcnzen nun die bedeutendste Quelle f\u00fcr die Geschichte und Entwicklung des antiken Herrscherbildes und das k\u00f6nigliche Selbstverst\u00e4ndnis. H\u00e4ufig findet der schon von Alexander bevorzugte attische Gewichtsstandard Anwendung. Daneben gelingt es z.B. dem ptolem\u00e4ischen \u00c4gypten und Pergamon (Cistophoren) durch die Einf\u00fchrung leichteren Geldes, ein abgegrenztes Umlaufgebiet f\u00fcr ihre eigene W\u00e4hrung zu schaffen (fremdes, aber vollgewichtiges Geld wird eins zu eins zum Nachteil des Einlieferers umgetauscht). Auch einzelne St\u00e4dte (z.B. Thasos, Maroneia, Side, Antiochia am Orontes) pr\u00e4gen umfangreiche Emissionen. Ein weiteres Kennzeichen des 2. Jhs. v. Chr. ist die Entstehung von M\u00fcnzarten wie den sogenannten Stephanophoren, die von verschiedenen St\u00e4dten aufgrund einer gemeinsamen \u00dcbereinkunft mit einheitlich gestalteter R\u00fcckseite (dem namensgebenden Kranz) das volle attische Gewicht garantieren (z. B. Athen, Kyzikos, Kyme). Vor allem am Ende dieser Epoche treten verst\u00e4rkt lokale Traditionen und Bildthemen im M\u00fcnzbild auf, so etwa der Gott Sandan auf seleukidischen M\u00fcnzen der Pr\u00e4gest\u00e4tte Tarsos. Auch Rom orientierte sich anfangs an griechischen Vorbildern und zeigt insbesondere in seinen Silberm\u00fcnzen (Didrachmen und deren Halbst\u00fccken) deutliche Anleihen an griechisch-unteritalische Vorbilder, bevor es mit dem Denar gegen 211 v. Chr. ein eigenst\u00e4ndiges W\u00e4hrungssystem einf\u00fchrte.","year_from":"-336","year_until":"-30","autor":"Dahmen, Karsten"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}