{"ikmk_mds_id":"18203948","ikmk_id":"4039","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"USA: 1776","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18203948","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18203948","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","author":"Bannicke, Elke"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"716","nominal_de":"Continental Dollar","nominal_en":"Continental Dollar","nominal_nomisma_id":"","nominal_gnd_id":null,"info_de":null,"info_en":null,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/716"},"patronage":"Anonymus","date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"52","coin_status_name_de":"Republik (MA\/NZ)","coin_status_name_en":"Republic (medieval\/modern)","coin_status_nomisma_id":""}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"83","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/83","country_name_de":"Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika","country_name_en":"United States of America","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/6252001","ikmk_region_id":"548","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/548","region_name":"New Jersey","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/5101760","ikmk_mint_id":"2411","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/2411","mint_name":"Freehold?","mint_name_de":"Freehold?","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/5098278"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"14","material_name_de":"Zinn","material_name_en":"Tin","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/sn","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/14"},"diameter":"39 mm","die_axis":"2 h","weight":"17.55 g","accession":"1861 Friedl\u00e4nder","access_year":"1861","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/zugangsart\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"06.04.1861","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"CONTINENTAL CURRENCY - 1776 \/\/ MIND YOUR \/ BUSINESS","image_description":"Aufschrift in mehreren Zeilen. Von Sonne bestrahlte Sonnenuhr. Im l. F. oben FUGIO, unten die Signatur EG FECIT.","foto_date":"2005-11-26","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203948\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203948\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n4\/4039\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203948\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203948\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643732594,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18203948. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18203948. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"AMERICAN CONGRESS -\/ WE \/ ARE \/ ONE","image_description":"Dreizehn Ringe mit den Namen der Einzelstaaten umgeben einen Sonnenkreis.","foto_date":"2005-11-26","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203948\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203948\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n4\/4039\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203948\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203948\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643732594,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18203948. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18203948. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"edge":"Laubrand","division":{"ikmk_division_id":"3","division_name_de":"Neuzeit","division_name_en":"Modern Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"24","subdivision_name_de":"18. Jh.","subdivision_name_en":"18th century"},"literatur":"C. R. Bruce II - T. Michael, Standard catalog of World Coins 1701-1800. 4. Auflage (2007) Nr. EA2; S. S. Crosby, The Early Coins of America (1875 Neudruck 1983) 297 ff.; P. L. Mossman, Money of the American Colonies and Confederation. A numismatic, economic and historical correlation (1993) 150 ff.","comment":"Diese M\u00fcnze geh\u00f6rt zu den Inkunabeln der amerikanischen Pr\u00e4gungen. Nach diesen Modellen sind 1787 die ersten autorisierten M\u00fcnzen, die sogenannten Fugios oder Fugio-Cents, der Vereinigten Staaten gepr\u00e4gt worden. Es gibt von dem Exemplar variierende Pr\u00e4gungen, auch in Kupfer und Silber. Der Text der R\u00fcckseite beschw\u00f6rt die \u201eVereinigten Staaten\u201c und nennt in einer aus dreizehn Gliedern bestehenden Kette die Staaten der damaligen Union. Auf der Vorderseite mahnt die Aufschrift, dass die Zeit entflieht und \u201eDenk an Deine Aufgabe\u201c. Das Motiv dieser Pr\u00e4gung ist auch auf fr\u00fchen Geldscheinen der Franklin Offizin aus dem Jahre 1776 bekannt, die Darstellung \u00fcberhaupt ist stark von Benjamin Franklin beeinflusst worden. Die Stempel zu den Pr\u00e4gungen sind von Elisha Gallaudet geschnitten worden.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"15","name_de":"Rokoko","name_en":"Rococo","description_de":"Der Rokoko, teilweise als Teil des Barock verstanden, teilweise als eigenst\u00e4ndiger Kunstabschnitt, umfasst die Zeit von ungef\u00e4hr 1730 bis 1770.","description_en":"Rococo, partially understood as a late continuation of the Baroque, partially as a period in its own right, covers the years from c. 1730 to 1770.","concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300021155","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/15"},"year_start":"1776","year_end":"1776","date_verbal":"1776","year_islam":"0","manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/herstellungtyp\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/50","items":{"5474":{"ikmk_person_id":"5474","title_de":null,"first_name_de":"Benoni","last_name_de":"Friedl\u00e4nder","vitalDates":"04.06.1773 - 17.02.1858","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Benoni","last_name_en":"Friedl\u00e4nder","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q818093":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q818093","http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/116796634":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/116796634","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/40139014":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/40139014","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benoni_Friedl\u00e4nder":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Benoni_Friedl\u00e4nder","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5474":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5474"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"1858"}}},"64":{"ikmk_type_id":"64","type_name_de":"Stempelschneider","type_name_en":"Die-cutter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/engraver","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300386299","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/64","items":{"3346":{"ikmk_person_id":"3346","title_de":null,"first_name_de":"Elisha","last_name_de":"Gallaudet","vitalDates":"1730-1805","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Elisha","last_name_en":"Gallaudet","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/3346":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/3346"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"79","keyword_de":"18. 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Siedler aus Europa brachten die W\u00e4hrungen ihrer Herkunftsl\u00e4nder in die neue Heimat mit, der europ\u00e4ische Taler entwickelte sich so zum amerikanischen Dollar. England exportierte seine W\u00e4hrung vor allem nach Asien, Afrika und Australien. Ehemals spanische Kolonien in S\u00fcdamerika bauten ihre M\u00fcnzsysteme auf Peso bzw. 8-Realesst\u00fccke auf, und chinesische H\u00e4ndler versahen M\u00fcnzen mit autorisierenden Gegenstempeln. Noch heute sind viele M\u00fcnznamen der modernen \u00fcberseeischen Staaten, wie Dollar, Peso, Piaster, Yuan, Hinweis auf ihre europ\u00e4ischen Erfinder, ehemalige koloniale Zugeh\u00f6rigkeit oder Handelsbeziehungen zur Alten Welt. 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