{"ikmk_mds_id":"18201512","ikmk_id":"1555","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Vandalen: Pseudoimperial","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18201512","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18201512","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","author":"Kluge, Bernd"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"921","nominal_de":"1\/2 Siliqua","nominal_en":"1\/2 Siliqua","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/half_siliqua","nominal_gnd_id":null,"info_de":null,"info_en":null,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/921"},"patronage":"Anonymus","date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"55","coin_status_name_de":"Stammespr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Tribal issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/tribal_issue","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/muenzstand\/55"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"72","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/72","country_name_de":"Tunesien","country_name_en":"Tunisia","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2464461","ikmk_mint_id":"863","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/863","mint_name":"","mint_name_de":"","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"","mint_geoname_id":""}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"16 mm","weight":"1.71 g","accession":"1993 Stefan I.0754","access_year":"1993","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/zugangsart\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"Dominus Noster Honorius Pius Felix Augustus","leg_text":"D N HONORI-VS P F A","image_description":"Drapierte Panzerb\u00fcste des Honorius mit Diadem nach rechts.","foto_date":"2005-10-11","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18201512\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18201512\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n1\/1555\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18201512\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18201512\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643740675,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18201512. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18201512. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"Urbs Roma","leg_text":"VRBS - [ROMA]","image_description":"Thronende Roma mit Speer und Victoria nach links.","foto_date":"2005-06-11","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18201512\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18201512\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n1\/1555\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18201512\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18201512\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643740675,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18201512. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18201512. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"17","subdivision_name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"Early Middle Ages"},"literatur":"RIC X Nr. 3801 (siliqua); P. Grierson - M. Blackburn, Medieval European Coinage I (1986) Nr. 1-3; B. Kluge, Numismatik des Mittelalters (2007) Nr. 38.","comment":"Der Typ mu\u00df als Vorl\u00e4ufer zur \u201eseminationalen M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung\u201c der Vandalen angesehen werden (vgl. Objektnummer 18201513). Je nachdem, ob man diese seminationale Pr\u00e4gung auf 443 oder 481 datiert, ist die Datierung der Honorius-Nachahmungen (die sich auch auf Halbsiliquen erstreckt, RIC X Nr. 3802) auf vor 443 oder vor 481 anzusetzen.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"11","name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","name_en":"Early Middle ages","description_de":"Bezeichnung f\u00fcr die Epoche von ungef\u00e4hr 500 bis ca. 900 (teilweise auch um 1000).","description_en":"Term to describe the period between c. 500 and c. 900 (in some regions to c. 1000).","concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503821-3","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/11"},"year_start":"443","year_end":"481","date_verbal":"vor 443\/481","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":93,"souce":"RIC X","number":"3801","similar":"0"},{"ikmk_referenz_id":199,"souce":"NMA I","number":"0038","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"6047":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/ocre\/id\/ric.10.afr.3801"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/herstellungtyp\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/50","items":{"6249":{"ikmk_person_id":"6249","title_de":"Dr.","first_name_de":"Friedrich","last_name_de":"Stefan","vitalDates":"11.07.1886 - 18.05.1962","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Friedrich","last_name_en":"Stefan","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q107175402":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q107175402","http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/102620997":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/102620997","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/305997756":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/305997756","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/6249":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/6249"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"1962"}}},"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/54","items":{"831":{"ikmk_person_id":"831","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Honorius","vitalDates":"384-423 n. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Honorius","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140689":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140689","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q159798":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q159798","http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118706934":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118706934","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/398923":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/398923","http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/honorius":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/honorius","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flavius_Honorius":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Flavius_Honorius","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honorius_(emperor)":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Honorius_(emperor)","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/831":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/831"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"28","keyword_de":"Afrika","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4000695-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/7001242"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"8","keyword_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter, 5.-9. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503821-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020760"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"2","keyword_de":"Mittelalter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4129108-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"48","keyword_de":"Personifikationen","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4137737-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055905"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"16","timeline_item":"Pseudoimperiale Pr\u00e4gungen","description":"Erste Stufe eigener M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gungen in allen V\u00f6lkerwanderungsreichen sind pseudo-imperiale Pr\u00e4gungen. Als solche bezeichnet man Nachahmungen kaiserlicher M\u00fcnzen in Gold (Solidi und Trienten) und Silber (Siliquen). Die Spannbreite reicht dabei von getreulichen Kopien bis hin zu in Bild und Schrift stark entstellten Produkten. Die genaue Zuweisung solcher M\u00fcnzen ist schwierig. Die wichtigsten Hilfsmittel hierzu sind Stilvergleiche und Fundvorkommen. Daraus lassen sich bestimmte landschaftliche Eigent\u00fcmlichkeiten (\u201eFabriken\u201c) ableiten und auf dieser Grundlage zum Beispiel vandalische, ostgotische, langobardische, suebische, westgotische, burgundische oder fr\u00e4nkische Imitationen ermitteln. Es ist anzunehmen, da\u00df auch andere V\u00f6lker \u2013 etwa Rugen, Gepiden, Hunnen \u2013 mit solchen Imitationen hervorgetreten sind. Die Nachahmungen der Solidi beginnen im germanischen Raum im 4. Jahrhundert n. Chr. und haben ihren H\u00f6hepunkt im 5. und der ersten H\u00e4lfte des 6. Jahrhunderts. Seit der Reichsteilung von 395 und den eigenen Kaisern im Westr\u00f6mischen und im Ostr\u00f6mischen Reich, also seit Honorius (395-423) im Westen und Arcadius (395-408) im Osten, sind praktisch Solidi aller Herrscher bis zum Ende des 6. Jahrhunderts, bis etwa Heraclius (610-641) nachgeahmt worden.","year_from":"350","year_until":"600","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"},{"ikmk_timeline_id":"17","timeline_item":"Das Reich der Vandalen","description":"Die ersten autonomen M\u00fcnzen des von 428 bis 533 in Nordafrika existierenden Vandalenreiches sind Silberpr\u00e4gungen K\u00f6nig Gunthamunds (484-496). Neben den K\u00f6nigsm\u00fcnzen, die in den Wertstufen von 100, 50 und 25 Denaren vorkommen, existieren anonyme Kupferm\u00fcnzen mit karthagischer Bildersprache in den Werten von 42, 21, 12 und 4 Nummi, denen reaktivierte altr\u00f6mische Sesterze, Dupondien und Asse mit eingeritzten Wertzahlen (83 bzw. 42 nummi) vorangehen.","year_from":"428","year_until":"533","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}