{"ikmk_mds_id":"18202098","ikmk_id":"2162","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Schweiz: Freiburg (Fribourg)","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18202098","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18202098","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","author":"Dahmen, Karsten"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"915","nominal_de":"Guldiner","nominal_en":"Guldiner","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/guldiner","nominal_gnd_id":"","info_de":"Erste Ausformung der europ\u00e4ischen Gro\u00dfsilberm\u00fcnze im Wert eines Goldguldens. Sie hat ihren Ursprung in einer seit 1486 in der Tiroler M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte Hall gepr\u00e4gten Silberm\u00fcnze, die anfangs Guldiner bzw. sp\u00e4ter auch Guldentaler genannt wurde.\r\nGem\u00e4\u00df seiner Verbreitung in Tirol, Habsburg, der Schweiz und dem s\u00fcddeutschen Raum ist die Bezeichnung Guldiner f\u00fcr Gepr\u00e4ge aus diesen Regionen zu verwenden.\r\n\r\nF\u00fcr Nord- und Mitteldeutschland sowie Sachsen verwende Guldengroschen.","info_en":"The Guldiner (or Guldengroschen) was a silver denomination equivalent in value to the golden gulden or florin. It was first minted in Tyrol in 1486, and similar huge silver coins were issued by other authorities (electors of Saxony, counts of Schlick) soon afterwards. The growing popularity of the Guldengroschen from Joachimsthal (J\u00e1chimov) issued by the Grafen von Schlick as of 1519 introduced the name Joachimstaler (Joachimsthaler) or simply Taler (Thaler) for these huge silver coins, which became much more popular from the mid-16th century onward.\r\nAccording to its circulation in Tyrol, Switzerland, Habsburg and southern Germany the term Guldiner should be used for coins from these region.\r\nFor Northern and central Germany, and Saxony use Guldengroschen.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/915"},"patronage":"J\u00fcrg Richter","date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"54","coin_status_name_de":"Stadt","coin_status_name_en":"City","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/muenzstand\/54"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"65","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/65","country_name_de":"Schweiz","country_name_en":"Switzerland","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2658434","ikmk_region_id":"340","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/340","region_name":"Freiburg\/Fribourg","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2660717","ikmk_mint_id":"814","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/814","mint_name":"Freiburg (Fribourg)","mint_name_de":"Freiburg (Fribourg)","mint_name_en":null,"mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/fribourg","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2660718"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"45 mm","die_axis":"8 h","weight":"28.75 g","accession":"Ohne Nummer","access_year":"","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"6","access_type_name":"Zugang ungekl\u00e4rt","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/zugangsart\/6"},"provenienz_extern":"Mindestens seit 1904 im Bestand des M\u00fcnzkabinetts.","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"Bei DNE ein hochgestelltes \u03a9. Esto Nobis domine turris fortitudinis a facie inimicorum","leg_text":"ESTO NOBIS DNE TVRR FORTIT A FACIE INIMIC \/ SANCTVS - NICOLAVS","image_description":"Der Heilige Nikolaus in einem Bogenkreis stehend mit Krummstab in der rechten Hand und Bibel sowie drei Goldkugeln in der linken Hand.","foto_date":"2005-10-11","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202098\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202098\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n2\/2162\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202098\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202098\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737857,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202098. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202098. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"CVDEBAT RESPVB FRIBVRGI HELVECIORVM","image_description":"In der Mitte eine Burg, dar\u00fcber ein Doppeladler. Umlaufend die Schildwappen der 17 Vogteien.","foto_date":"2005-10-11","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202098\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202098\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n2\/2162\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202098\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18202098\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643737857,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202098. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18202098. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"3","division_name_de":"Neuzeit","division_name_en":"Modern Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"25","subdivision_name_de":"16. Jh.","subdivision_name_en":"16th century"},"literatur":"J. S. Davenport, European Crowns 1484-1600 (1977) Nr. 8727; J. und A. Erbstein, Die Ritter von Schulthess-Rechberg'sche M\u00fcnz- u. Medaillen-Sammlung II (1869) 448 Nr. 6349; Madai I Nr. 2088; J.-P. Divo, Die Taler der Schweiz (1966) 49 Nr. 70.","comment":"","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"7","name_de":"Renaissance","name_en":"Renaissance","description_de":"Die Renaissance (Wiedergeburt) bezeichnet eine europ\u00e4ische Kunstperiode zwischen Mittelalter und Neuzeit im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert. Diese setzt im fr\u00fchen 15. Jahrhundert ein und wird um 1550 vom Barock abgel\u00f6st.","description_en":"The term Renaissance (rebirth) describes a period at the turn from the Middele Ages to the Modern period during the 15th and 16th century. It begins during the early 15th century and developes into the Baroque around 1550.","concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300021140","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/7"},"year_start":"1500","year_end":"1536","date_verbal":"vor 1536","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":571,"souce":"OSCAR","number":"02856","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"18326":"https:\/\/oscar.nationalmuseum.ch\/id\/oscar.2856"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/herstellungtyp\/21"}],"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"90","keyword_de":"16. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300404510"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"47","keyword_de":"Heilige","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024055-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300150555"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"80","keyword_de":"Heraldik und Wappen","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4072428-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300077808"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"3","keyword_de":"Neuzeit","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4171678-4","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"38","keyword_de":"St\u00e4dte","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4056723-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"19","keyword_de":"Westeuropa (ohne D)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4079215-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/4003761"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"54","timeline_item":"Die Zeit Kaiser Karls V.","description":"Karl V. (1519-1556) hatte in seiner langen Regierung auch Ordnung in die W\u00e4hrungsangelegenheiten zu bringen. In drei gro\u00dfen Reformen, den Reichsm\u00fcnzordnungen von Esslingen (1524) und Augsburg (1551, 1559), letztere ma\u00dfgeblich von seinem Bruder Ferdinand (I.) mitgestaltet, wurde versucht, dem Wildwuchs der verschiedensten Sorten, Gewichte und Feingehalte Einhalt zu gebieten.\r\nEs musste die Akzeptanz des s\u00e4chsischen Guldengroschens auf Groschenbasis und des in Kreuzern z\u00e4hlenden \u00f6sterreichisch-s\u00fcddeutschen Guldiners gegen\u00fcber dem Goldgulden durchgesetzt und gleichzeitig auf einen Nenner gebracht werden. 1566, zehn Jahre nach der Abdankung Karls V., gelang der Durchbruch. Der s\u00e4chsische Taler zu neun St\u00fcck aus der Mark Silber (233,8 g) wurde mit 68 Kreuzern bewertet und im Reich zugelassen. Er erlangte in der Folgezeit sogar eine Monopolstellung.","year_from":"1519","year_until":"1556","autor":"Steguweit, Wolfgang"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}