{"ikmk_mds_id":"18203997","ikmk_id":"3458","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Umayyaden: Zeit des \u02bfAbd al-Malik","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18203997","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18203997","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","author":"Dahmen, Karsten"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"35","coin_status_name_de":"Kalifat","coin_status_name_en":"Caliphate","coin_status_nomisma_id":""}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"72","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/72","country_name_de":"Tunesien","country_name_en":"Tunisia","country_nomisma_id":"","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2464461","ikmk_region_id":"374","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/374","region_name":"","region_nomisma_id":"","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"1000","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/1000","mint_name":"Karthago?","mint_name_de":"Karthago?","mint_name_en":"Carthage","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/carthage","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/2468244"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"2","material_name_de":"Bronze","material_name_en":"Bronze","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ae","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/2"},"diameter":"18 mm","die_axis":"12 h","weight":"3.12 g","accession":"Ohne Nummer","access_year":"","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"6","access_type_name":"Zugang ungekl\u00e4rt","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/zugangsart\/6"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"kufisch","leg_text":"Im Jahr 80","image_description":"Drapierte B\u00fcste mit Diadem in der Vorderansicht.","foto_date":"2004-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203997\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203997\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n3\/3458\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203997\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203997\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643736566,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18203997. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18203997. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"retrograde kufische Schrift","leg_text":"Im Namen Gottes befahl al-Numan dies","image_description":"Punktstab auf dreistufiger Basis.","foto_date":"2004-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203997\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203997\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n3\/3458\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203997\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18203997\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643736566,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18203997. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18203997. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"17","subdivision_name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"Early Middle Ages"},"literatur":"H. N\u00fctzel, Katalog der Orientalischen M\u00fcnzen I (1898) 17 Nr. 62 Taf. 1 (dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"Nach dem Vorbild byzantinischer M\u00fcnzbilder. Zu el-Noman bzw. al-Numan und der vermuteten Zuweisung an die M\u00fcnzst\u00e4tte Karthago s. J. Walker, A Catalogue of the Muhammadan coins in the British Museum II. Arab-Byzantine and postreform Umaiyad coins (1956) xlii. Hassan ibn an-Numan war Statthalter der Provinz Afrika (Ifriqiya).","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"11","name_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter","name_en":"Early Middle ages","description_de":"Bezeichnung f\u00fcr die Epoche von ungef\u00e4hr 500 bis ca. 900 (teilweise auch um 1000).","description_en":"Term to describe the period between c. 500 and c. 900 (in some regions to c. 1000).","concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503821-3","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/11"},"year_start":"699","year_end":"700","date_verbal":"699-700","year_islam":"80","manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/herstellungtyp\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"M\u00fcnzherr","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/57","items":{"3012":{"ikmk_person_id":"3012","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Hass\u0101n ibn an-Nu\u02bfm\u0101n","vitalDates":"-705","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Hass\u0101n ibn an-Nu\u02bfm\u0101n","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1767524":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1767524","http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/119311925":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/119311925","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/8194989":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/8194989","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hass\u0101n_ibn_an-Nu\u02bfm\u0101n":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hass\u0101n_ibn_an-Nu\u02bfm\u0101n","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hasan_ibn_al-Nu'man":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hasan_ibn_al-Nu'man","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/3012":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/3012"}}}},"139":{"ikmk_type_id":"139","type_name_de":"Oberherr (ISL)","type_name_en":"Overlord (ISL)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/139","items":{"598":{"ikmk_person_id":"598","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"\u02bfAbd al-Malik Ab\u016b l-Wal\u012bd ibn Marw\u0101n (65-86 AH\/685-705), Kalif","vitalDates":"646-04.10.705","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"\u02bfAbd al-Malik Ab\u016b l-Wal\u012bd ibn Marw\u0101n (65-86 AH\/685-705), caliph","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q36788":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q36788","http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/12136903X":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/12136903X","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/21988514":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/21988514","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abd_al-Malik_(Umayyaden)":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abd_al-Malik_(Umayyaden)","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abd_al-Malik_ibn_Marwan","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/598":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/598"}}}},"140":{"ikmk_type_id":"140","type_name_de":"Statthalter \/ Gouverneur (ISL)","type_name_en":"Governor (ISL)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4057007-1","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/140","items":{"3012":{"ikmk_person_id":"3012","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Hass\u0101n ibn an-Nu\u02bfm\u0101n","vitalDates":"-705","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Hass\u0101n ibn an-Nu\u02bfm\u0101n","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1767524":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q1767524","http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/119311925":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/119311925","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/8194989":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/8194989","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hass\u0101n_ibn_an-Nu\u02bfm\u0101n":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hass\u0101n_ibn_an-Nu\u02bfm\u0101n","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hasan_ibn_al-Nu'man":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hasan_ibn_al-Nu'man","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/3012":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/3012"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"28","keyword_de":"Afrika","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4000695-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/7001242"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"71","keyword_de":"Bronze \/ Kupfer","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4146667-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ae"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"8","keyword_de":"Fr\u00fchmittelalter, 5.-9. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503821-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020760"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"2","keyword_de":"Mittelalter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4129108-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"67","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzmeister\/-beamte","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300205361"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"34","keyword_de":"Weltliche F\u00fcrsten","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4166473-5","keyword_concept_uri":""}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"26","timeline_item":"Die neue Weltmacht - Das arabische Kalifat","description":"Die Araber hatten zur Zeit Mohammeds noch keine eigene M\u00fcnzpr\u00e4gung. Im Zuge ihrer raschen Eroberung der von Byzanz bzw. den Sasaniden beherrschten Gebiete, wurden sie vor das Problem gestellt, die M\u00fcnzproduktion in einem an Geldwirtschaft gew\u00f6hnten Gebiet zu organisieren. Die ersten neu ausgegebenen M\u00fcnzen entsprachen in Material und Bild den byzantinischen und sasanidischen M\u00fcnzen und wurden nur etwas \u201earabisiert\u201c. Auf den sasanidischen Drachmen geschah dies durch Einschreiben zus\u00e4tzlicher arabischer Inschriften, im Bereich des byzantinischen Geldes wurden teils die byzantinischen Typen nachgeahmt, teils etwas freier interpretiert bis hin zur Darstellung des Kalifen. Zwischen 693 und 698 wurde unter dem Kalifen Abd-al Malik das M\u00fcnzwesen v\u00f6llig neu organisiert. An die Stelle des Solidus trat der Dinar, an die Stelle der sasanidischen Drachme trat der Dirham und in geringem Umfang Kupferm\u00fcnzen als lokale Zahlungsmittel. Alle M\u00fcnzen, bis auf geringe Ausnahmen im Kupfergeld, sind von erstaunlicher Uniformit\u00e4t, bildlos und rein epigraphisch. Die Inschriften enthalten in genau festgelegter Abfolge und Anordnung Koranspr\u00fcche sowie Angaben zur Herkunft der M\u00fcnze, darunter den Ort der Pr\u00e4gung sowie eine pr\u00e4zise Datierung nach der islamischen Zeitrechnung (A. H., Higra).","year_from":"600","year_until":"900","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}