{"ikmk_mds_id":"18204120","ikmk_id":"4217","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Byzanz: Michael IV.\/V.","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18204120","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18204120","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","author":"Dahmen, Karsten"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"942","nominal_de":"Histamenon","nominal_en":"Histamenon","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/nomisma_histamenon","nominal_gnd_id":"","info_de":"Byzantinischer Nachfolger des Solidus ab 963.","info_en":"The term applied to the standard, full-weight gold Byzantine denomination between 963 and 1092 to differentiate from the light-weight gold denomination (nomisma tetarteron). During the reign of Michael IV (1034-1041), the coin began to take a slightly concave shape, with the degree of curvature increasing over time. During the eleventh century, the coin went through various phases of debasement, with the gold content plummeting in the 1080s.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/942"},"date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"34","coin_status_name_de":"Kaisertum (MA\/NZ)","coin_status_name_en":"Imperial issue (medieval\/modern)","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/empire","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/muenzstand\/34"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"27","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/27","country_name_de":"Griechenland","country_name_en":"Greece","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/greece","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/390903","ikmk_region_id":"214","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/214","region_name":"Macedonia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/macedon","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"527","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/527","mint_name":"Thessaloniki","mint_name_de":"Thessaloniki","mint_name_en":"Thessalonica","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/thessalonica","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/734077"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"3","material_name_de":"Gold","material_name_en":"Gold","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/av","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/3"},"diameter":"25 mm","die_axis":"6 h","weight":"4.31 g","accession":"1913\/94","access_year":"1913","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/zugangsart\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"Michael Despotes","leg_text":"+ MI-XAHL - \u0394ES\u03a0OT","image_description":"Der Erzengel Michael, l., und Michael IV., r., mit Krone und Stola (loros) in der Vorderansicht. Sie halten zwischen sich ein Feldzeichen (labarum). Oben r. die den Kaiser bekr\u00f6nende Hand Gottes.","foto_date":"2004-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204120\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204120\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n4\/4217\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204120\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204120\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643732604,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18204120. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18204120. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"+ IhS XIS REX - REG[NANTIh]m","image_description":"Der b\u00e4rtige Christus mit Nimbus auf einem Thron (ohne Lehne) sitzend in der Vorderansicht. Die erhobene r. Hand im Segensgestus, in seiner l. die Bibel.","foto_date":"2004-06-15","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"4","photographer_name":"Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204120\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204120\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n4\/4217\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204120\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18204120\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643732604,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18204120. Aufnahme durch Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann).","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18204120. Photographs by Lutz-J\u00fcrgen L\u00fcbke (L\u00fcbke und Wiedemann)."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"2","division_name_de":"Mittelalter","division_name_en":"Medieval Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"19","subdivision_name_de":"Hochmittelalter","subdivision_name_en":"High Middle Ages"},"literatur":"Ph. Grierson, Catalogue of the Byzantine coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection III-2 (1973) 726 Nr. 2 (Thessaloniki, Michael IV.); D. R. Sear, Byzantine coins and their values \u00b2(1987) 354 Nr. 1826 (unter Michael V., Verweis auf m\u00f6gliche Zuschreibung an Michael IV.); B. Kluge, Numismatik des Mittelalters (2007) Nr. 1441 (dieses St\u00fcck).","comment":"Zur Zuweisung an Michael IV. siehe die Argumente zusammengestellt bei DOC III-2 721 f. Eine sehr ungew\u00f6hnliche Darstellung auf der Vs., insbesondere der Seitentausch von l. nach r. (vom Betrachter gesehen) zwischen dem Heiligen und dem Kaiser ist bemerkenswert.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"14","name_de":"Hochmittelalter","name_en":"High Middle Ages","description_de":"Bezeichnung der Epoche zwischen 900 (teilweise auch 1000) und der Mitte des 13. Jahrhunderts.","description_en":"Term to describe the period between 900 (in some cases 1000) and the middle of the 13th century.","concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503822-5","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/14"},"year_start":"1034","year_end":"1042","date_verbal":"1034-1041","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":199,"souce":"NMA I","number":"1441","similar":"0"}],"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/herstellungtyp\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"125":{"ikmk_type_id":"125","type_name_de":"Ver\u00e4u\u00dferer (an Museum)","type_name_en":"Vendor (to Museum)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4126928-7","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/125","items":{"6400":{"ikmk_person_id":"6400","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Br\u00fcder Egger","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Br\u00fcder Egger","corporation":"1","lod":{"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/308704482":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/308704482","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/koerperschaft\/6400":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/koerperschaft\/6400"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"50","keyword_de":"Christliche Ikonographie","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7502667-3","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"70","keyword_de":"Gold","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4157819-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/av"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"23","keyword_de":"Griechenland","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4022047-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/1000074"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"47","keyword_de":"Heilige","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024055-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300150555"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"44","keyword_de":"Herrscherrepr\u00e4sentation","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"9","keyword_de":"Hochmittelalter, 10.-12. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7503822-5","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"32","keyword_de":"Kaiser (MA&NZ)","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4114123-4","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"2","keyword_de":"Mittelalter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4129108-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020756"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"73","keyword_de":"Spitzenst\u00fccke und Hauptwerke","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4702225-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300072312"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"40","timeline_item":"Dollars des Mittelalters - Byzantinische Solidi","description":"Fundament der byzantinischen W\u00e4hrung war der goldene Solidus (griechisch Nomisma), dessen auf Kaiser Konstantin zur\u00fcckgehender Standard von 1\/72 Pfund (= 4,55 g) bis in das 11. Jh. hinein im wesentlichen gehalten wurde. Diese au\u00dferordentliche Stabilit\u00e4t hat den Byzantinischen Solidus zu einer Art Weltw\u00e4hrung der damaligen Zeit werden lassen. Erst im 11. Jh. kam es zu einer Gewichtsverminderung und der Aufspaltung in einen schwereren (Nomisma Histamenom) und einen leichteren Solidus (Nomisma Tetarteron), und 1092 ist der Stolz der byzantinischen W\u00e4hrung mit einer M\u00fcnzreform abgel\u00f6st und durch eine leichtere Goldm\u00fcnze (Hyperperon) ersetzt worden. Halbe Solidi (Semisses) und Drittelsolidi (Trienten) spielten bis ins 8. Jh. eine Rolle, danach nicht mehr. Seit dem 9. Jh. ist das Christusbild st\u00e4ndiges Motiv der byzantinischen Goldm\u00fcnzen.","year_from":"500","year_until":"1100","autor":"Kluge, Bernd"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}