{"ikmk_mds_id":"18214256","ikmk_id":"13842","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Russland: Bartmarke","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"8","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/8","item_de":"Marken und Zeichen","item_en":"Tokens and Labels","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/token"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18214256","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18214256","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","author":"Bannicke, Elke"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"patronage":"Albert-M. 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Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18214256. Aufnahme durch Reinhard Saczewski.","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18214256. Photographs by Reinhard Saczewski."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"(Das) Geld (hat man) genommen (f\u00fcr den Bart)","leg_text":"DENGI \/ WSATY","image_description":"Kyrillische Schrift in zwei Zeilen, darunter Nase und Mund mit Schnurr- und Vollbart. Am unteren linken Rand ein runder Gegenstempel mit Doppeladler.","foto_date":"2008-05-26","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"5","photographer_name":"Reinhard Saczewski","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18214256\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18214256\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n13\/13842\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18214256\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18214256\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643738914,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18214256. Aufnahme durch Reinhard Saczewski.","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18214256. Photographs by Reinhard Saczewski."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"3","division_name_de":"Neuzeit","division_name_en":"Modern Period"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"24","subdivision_name_de":"18. Jh.","subdivision_name_en":"18th century"},"literatur":"H. Fengler - G. Gierow - W. Unger, Lexikon der Numismatik (1976) 44; H. Kahnt, Das gro\u00dfe M\u00fcnzlexikon von A bis Z (2005) 42 f.; B. F. Brekke, The Copper Coinage of Imperial Russia 1700-1917 (1977) 45 ff.","comment":"Gegenstempel auf der R\u00fcckseite. - Bei der sogenannten Bartkopeke bzw. Bartmarke handelt es sich nicht um eine M\u00fcnze, sondern um einen Beleg f\u00fcr eine entrichtete Steuer. Die eingenommenen Gelder dienten der Finanzierung des Nordischen Krieges (1700-1721), f\u00fcr den verschiedene neue Steuern 'erfunden' worden, u.a. f\u00fcr das Tragen eines Voll- oder Schnurrbartes mussten nach St\u00e4nden gestaffelte Betr\u00e4ge bezahlt werden. Nach 1715 lag der Betrag einheitlich bei 50 Rubel. 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