{"ikmk_mds_id":"18225767","ikmk_id":"27197","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Diocletianus","inventory_number":"","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/sachbegriff\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/object?id=18225767","permalink_source":null,"publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":13,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","publisher_name":"M\u00fcnzkabinett, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Stiftung Preu\u00dfischer Kulturbesitz","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819\/18225767","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.smb.museum\/museen-und-einrichtungen\/muenzkabinett\/home.html","author":"Dahmen, Karsten"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"13","owner_name":"Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-814819","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-814819","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mk_berlin","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/besitzer\/13","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/possession_kind\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"663","nominal_de":"Argenteus","nominal_en":"Argenteus","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/argenteus","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1038033403","info_de":"Mit der M\u00fcnzreform des Diocletianus 294 n. Chr. neu eingef\u00fchrte Silberm\u00fcnze zu 1\/96 des r\u00f6mischen Pfundes (3,41 g), damit dem alten neronischen Denar entsprechend. Im Verh\u00e4ltnis zur Bronze- und Goldpr\u00e4gung in geringer Anzahl ausgegeben. Das Wertverh\u00e4ltnis zum Rechendenar wird 301 n. Chr. verdoppelt. Nach 307 n. Chr. l\u00e4uft der Argenteus langsam aus und wird ab ca. 313 n. Chr. durch Siliqua und Miliarense ersetzt.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/nominal\/663"},"date_last":"2023-03-14 01:49:51","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/muenzstand\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"27","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/land\/27","country_name_de":"Griechenland","country_name_en":"Greece","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/greece","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/390903","ikmk_region_id":"214","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/214","region_name":"Macedonia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/macedon","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"527","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/ort\/527","mint_name":"Thessaloniki","mint_name_de":"Thessaloniki","mint_name_en":"Thessalonica","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/thessalonica","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/734077"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"19 mm","die_axis":"12 h","weight":"3.34 g","accession":"1827 Hermann","access_year":"1827","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"1","access_type_name":"Kauf","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4128692-3","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/zugangsart\/1"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"DIOCLETI-ANVS AVG","image_description":"Kopf des Diocletianus mit Lorbeerkranz nach r.","foto_date":"2010-07-11","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"3","photographer_name":"Dirk Sonnenwald","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18225767\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18225767\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n27\/27197\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18225767\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18225767\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643732327,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18225767. Aufnahme durch Dirk Sonnenwald.","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18225767. Photographs by Dirk Sonnenwald."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"VIRTVS - MILITVM \/\/ \u2022 T \u2022 S \u2022 A \u2022","image_description":"Torbau mit drei T\u00fcrmen und offenem Torbogen, keine T\u00fcrfl\u00fcgel sichtbar.","foto_date":"2010-07-11","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"3","photographer_name":"Dirk Sonnenwald","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18225767\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18225767\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"images\/n27\/27197\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18225767\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/image\/18225767\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1643732327,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind lizenziert als Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18225767. Aufnahme durch Dirk Sonnenwald.","en":"Image files are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Berlin, M\u00fcnzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen, 18225767. Photographs by Dirk Sonnenwald."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"15","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Sp\u00e4tantike","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Late Antiquity"},"literatur":"RIC VI Nr. 15 a (um 302 n. Chr.).","comment":"Auf Vs. und Rs. je ein Pr\u00fcfhieb.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"10","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Sp\u00e4tantike","name_en":"Roman Late Antiquity","description_de":"Hier definiert als die Zeit vom Regierungsantritt des r\u00f6mischen Kaiser Diocletianus 284 n. Chr. bis zum Untergang des westr\u00f6mische Reiches 476 n. Chr.","description_en":"Here defined as the period between the reign of Diocletianus (from AD 284) to the downfall of the Roman empire in the West in AD 476.","concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020666","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/periode\/10"},"year_start":"302","year_end":"302","date_verbal":"um 302 n. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":114,"souce":"RIC VI Thessalonica","number":"015a","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"10798":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/ocre\/id\/ric.6.thes.15a"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/herstellungtyp\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/50","items":{"5873":{"ikmk_person_id":"5873","title_de":"Freiherr von","first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Herman","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Herman","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5873":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/5873"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"0"}}},"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/54","items":{"521":{"ikmk_person_id":"521","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Diocletianus","vitalDates":"um 245-313 n. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Diocletianus","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140669":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140669","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q43107":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q43107","http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118679651":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118679651","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/141313669":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/141313669","http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/diocletian":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/diocletian","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diokletian":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diokletian","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diocletian":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diocletian","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/521":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/521"}}}},"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"M\u00fcnzherr","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/persontype\/57","items":{"521":{"ikmk_person_id":"521","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Diocletianus","vitalDates":"um 245-313 n. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Diocletianus","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140669":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140669","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q43107":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q43107","http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118679651":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118679651","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/141313669":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/141313669","http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/diocletian":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/diocletian","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diokletian":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diokletian","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diocletian":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Diocletian","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/521":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/521"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword_de":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"53","keyword_de":"Architektur","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4002851-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300263552"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"60","keyword_de":"Gegenstempel, Erasionen u.a.","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"23","keyword_de":"Griechenland","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4022047-3","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/1000074"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"31","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzstand: Antike Herrscher","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":""},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"6","keyword_de":"Sp\u00e4tantike, 3.-5. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4124227-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020666"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"46","timeline_item":"Von 293 bis zum Ende des 4. Jahrhunderts n. Chr.","description":"Die Regierungszeit des Diocletianus und seiner Mitherrscher (284-305 n. Chr.) ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Neuordnung des Staatswesens: Neue M\u00fcnzsorten wie der Nummus (Follis), der Argenteus und der auf 1\/60 des Pfundes festgesetzte Aureus werden eingef\u00fchrt und in ein festes Wechselverh\u00e4ltnis gesetzt. Diese Ma\u00dfnahmen k\u00f6nnen die Verschlechterung des Geldes nur f\u00fcr kurze Zeit aufhalten. Constantinus I. (306-337) f\u00fchrt mit dem Solidus eine neue Gold- sowie mit Siliqua und Miliarense neue Silberm\u00fcnzen ein; die Bronzenominale unterliegen ebenfalls bereits einer Abwertung. Insgesamt wird aber zur Mitte des 4. Jhs. eine Tendenz zur Goldw\u00e4hrung deutlich. Neue Goldminen werden erschlossen und h\u00f6here St\u00fcckzahlen gepr\u00e4gt. Vom Bronzegeld werden bald in schneller Folge verschiedene Sorten ausgegeben, denen es aber durchweg an dauerhaftem Geldwert mangelt. So wird das Bronzegeld abermals um 348 reformiert, auch Iulianus (genannt Apostata, reg. 361-363) versucht sich in der Einf\u00fchrung eines neuen, gro\u00dfen Bronzenominales. Zum Ende der 360er Jahre wird die regelhafte Kennzeichnung der Solidi als Feingold (OB = Obryzum) verpflichend. Ihre Entsprechung beim Silbergeld ist das K\u00fcrzel PS = pusulatum. Auch nimmt die Bedeutung der silbernen Siliquen immer mehr ab. F\u00fcr die Bildsprache der M\u00fcnzen seit der Tetrarchie ist die Betonung der absoluten Stellung des Kaisers als Dominus (\u201eHerr\u201c) charakteristisch.","year_from":"293","year_until":"400","autor":"Dahmen, Karsten"}],"secondary_treatment":[{"ikmk_secondary_treatment_id":"12","item_de":"Einhieb","item_en":"Chop mark","description_de":"Einhieb mit einem Objekt undefinierter Form, meist in Form einer groben Scharte, u. a. zu Pr\u00fcfzwecken an M\u00fcnzen angebracht. Auch nachtr\u00e4gliche Verletzungen, z. B. durch Pickelhieb beim Bergen\/Auffinden des Objekts.","description_en":"A mark of undefined form made normally with a chisel-like tool, for example to test the purity of the core of a coin. It can also be the result of damage caused when the object was found.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/secondaryTreatment\/12","concept":["http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/chop_mark"]}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer\u00a0CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>\u00a0lizenziert.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}